From 73fcdf90af7deb9044027b6dba4a69efde499f1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yugo Nagata Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2026 13:09:00 +0900 Subject: [PATCH v4] Track skipped vacuum and analyze activity per relation This commit adds eight fields to the relation statistics that track the last time vacuum or analyze has been attempted but skipped due to lock unavailability, along with their counts: - last_skipped_vacuum - last_skipped_autovacuum - last_skipped_analyze - last_skipped_autoanalyze - skipped_vacuum_count - skipped_autovacuum_count - skipped_analyze_count - skipped_autoanalyze_count These field can help users confirm that autovacuum is actively attempting to run on a table that has not been vacuumed or analyzed for a long time, and that the lack of progress is due to repeated skips rather than inactivity. --- doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 88 ++++++++++++++++ src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 8 ++ src/backend/commands/vacuum.c | 102 ++++++++++++++----- src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_relation.c | 64 ++++++++++++ src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c | 24 +++++ src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 32 ++++++ src/include/pgstat.h | 16 +++ src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 24 +++++ 8 files changed, 335 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml index 08d5b824552..a9b579d87a9 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml @@ -4387,6 +4387,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + last_skipped_vacuum timestamp with time zone + + + Last time a manual vacuum on this table was attempted but skipped due to + lock unavailability (not counting VACUUM FULL) + + + last_autovacuum timestamp with time zone @@ -4397,6 +4407,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + last_skipped_autovacuum timestamp with time zone + + + Last time a vacuum on this table by the autovacuum daemon was attempted + but skipped due to lock unavailability + + + last_analyze timestamp with time zone @@ -4406,6 +4426,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + last_skipped_analyze timestamp with time zone + + + Last time a manual analyze on this table was attempted but skipped due to + lock unavailability + + + last_autoanalyze timestamp with time zone @@ -4416,6 +4446,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + last_skipped_autoanalyze timestamp with time zone + + + Last time at which an analyze on this table by the autovacuum was + attempted but skipped due to lock unavailability + + + vacuum_count bigint @@ -4426,6 +4466,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + skipped_vacuum_count bigint + + + Number of times manual vacuums on this table have been attempted but skipped + due to lock unavailability (not counting VACUUM FULL) + + + autovacuum_count bigint @@ -4436,6 +4486,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + skipped_autovacuum_count bigint + + + Number of times vacuums on this table by the autovacuum daemon have been + attempted but skipped due to lock unavailability + + + analyze_count bigint @@ -4445,6 +4505,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + skipped_analyze_count bigint + + + Number of times manual analyzes on this table have been attempted but + skipped due to lock unavailability + + + autoanalyze_count bigint @@ -4455,6 +4525,16 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + skipped_autoanalyze_count bigint + + + Number of times analyzes on this table by the autovacuum daemon have + been attempted but skipped due to lock unavailability + + + total_vacuum_time double precision @@ -4510,6 +4590,14 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage + + + When a manual vacuum or analyze on a parent table in an inheritance or + partitioning hierarchy is skipped, the statistics are recorded only for + the parent table, not for its children. + + + diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql index 73a1c1c4670..f509fc7876b 100644 --- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql +++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql @@ -736,13 +736,21 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_all_tables AS pg_stat_get_mod_since_analyze(C.oid) AS n_mod_since_analyze, pg_stat_get_ins_since_vacuum(C.oid) AS n_ins_since_vacuum, pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time(C.oid) as last_vacuum, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_vacuum_time(C.oid) as last_skipped_vacuum, pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time(C.oid) as last_autovacuum, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autovacuum_time(C.oid) as last_skipped_autovacuum, pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time(C.oid) as last_analyze, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_analyze_time(C.oid) as last_skipped_analyze, pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time(C.oid) as last_autoanalyze, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autoanalyze_time(C.oid) as last_skipped_autoanalyze, pg_stat_get_vacuum_count(C.oid) AS vacuum_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_vacuum_count(C.oid) AS skipped_vacuum_count, pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count(C.oid) AS autovacuum_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_autovacuum_count(C.oid) AS skipped_autovacuum_count, pg_stat_get_analyze_count(C.oid) AS analyze_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_analyze_count(C.oid) AS skipped_analyze_count, pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count(C.oid) AS autoanalyze_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_autoanalyze_count(C.oid) AS skipped_autoanalyze_count, pg_stat_get_total_vacuum_time(C.oid) AS total_vacuum_time, pg_stat_get_total_autovacuum_time(C.oid) AS total_autovacuum_time, pg_stat_get_total_analyze_time(C.oid) AS total_analyze_time, diff --git a/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c b/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c index 99d0db82ed7..97cd5ea8d10 100644 --- a/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c +++ b/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c @@ -793,8 +793,25 @@ vacuum_open_relation(Oid relid, RangeVar *relation, uint32 options, rel = try_relation_open(relid, NoLock); else { + int flags = 0; rel = NULL; rel_lock = false; + + if ((options & VACOPT_VACUUM) != 0) + { + if (AmAutoVacuumWorkerProcess()) + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOVACUUM; + else + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_VACUUM; + } + if ((options & VACOPT_ANALYZE) != 0) + { + if (AmAutoVacuumWorkerProcess()) + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOANALYZE; + else + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_ANALYZE; + } + pgstat_report_skipped_vacuum_analyze(relid, flags); } /* if relation is opened, leave */ @@ -802,7 +819,7 @@ vacuum_open_relation(Oid relid, RangeVar *relation, uint32 options, return rel; /* - * Relation could not be opened, hence generate if possible a log + * Relation could not be opened hence generate if possible a log * informing on the situation. * * If the RangeVar is not defined, we do not have enough information to @@ -905,7 +922,6 @@ expand_vacuum_rel(VacuumRelation *vrel, MemoryContext vac_context, Form_pg_class classForm; bool include_children; bool is_partitioned_table; - int rvr_opts; /* * Since autovacuum workers supply OIDs when calling vacuum(), no @@ -918,29 +934,69 @@ expand_vacuum_rel(VacuumRelation *vrel, MemoryContext vac_context, * below, as well as find_all_inheritors's expectation that the caller * holds some lock on the starting relation. */ - rvr_opts = (options & VACOPT_SKIP_LOCKED) ? RVR_SKIP_LOCKED : 0; - relid = RangeVarGetRelidExtended(vrel->relation, - AccessShareLock, - rvr_opts, - NULL, NULL); - - /* - * If the lock is unavailable, emit the same log statement that - * vacuum_rel() and analyze_rel() would. - */ - if (!OidIsValid(relid)) + if (!(options & VACOPT_SKIP_LOCKED)) { - if (options & VACOPT_VACUUM) - ereport(WARNING, - (errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE), - errmsg("skipping vacuum of \"%s\" --- lock not available", - vrel->relation->relname))); - else - ereport(WARNING, - (errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE), - errmsg("skipping analyze of \"%s\" --- lock not available", + relid = RangeVarGetRelidExtended(vrel->relation, + AccessShareLock, + 0, NULL, NULL); + if (!OidIsValid(relid)) + return vacrels; + } + else + { + /* Get relid for reporting before taking a lock */ + relid = RangeVarGetRelid(vrel->relation, NoLock, false); + + if (!ConditionalLockRelationOid(relid, AccessShareLock)) + { + int flags = 0; + /* + * If the lock is unavailable, emit the same log statement that + * vacuum_rel() and analyze_rel() would. + */ + if (options & VACOPT_VACUUM) + ereport(WARNING, + (errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE), + errmsg("skipping vacuum of \"%s\" --- lock not available", vrel->relation->relname))); - return vacrels; + else + ereport(WARNING, + (errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE), + errmsg("skipping analyze of \"%s\" --- lock not available", + vrel->relation->relname))); + + if ((options & VACOPT_VACUUM) != 0) + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_VACUUM; + if ((options & VACOPT_ANALYZE) != 0) + flags |= PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_ANALYZE; + + pgstat_report_skipped_vacuum_analyze(relid, flags); + + return vacrels; + } + + /* + * Now that we have the lock, probe to see if the relation really + * exists or not. + */ + if (!SearchSysCacheExists1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(relid))) + { + if (options & VACOPT_VACUUM) + ereport(WARNING, + (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE), + errmsg("skipping vacuum of \"%s\" --- relation no longer exists", + vrel->relation->relname))); + else + ereport(WARNING, + (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE), + errmsg("skipping analyze of \"%s\" --- relation no longer exists", + vrel->relation->relname))); + + /* Release useless lock */ + UnlockRelationOid(relid, AccessShareLock); + + return vacrels; + } } /* diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_relation.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_relation.c index b2ca28f83ba..532d9023f8c 100644 --- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_relation.c +++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_relation.c @@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ #include "postgres.h" +#include "access/htup_details.h" #include "access/twophase_rmgr.h" #include "access/xact.h" #include "catalog/catalog.h" #include "utils/memutils.h" #include "utils/pgstat_internal.h" #include "utils/rel.h" +#include "utils/syscache.h" #include "utils/timestamp.h" @@ -367,6 +369,68 @@ pgstat_report_analyze(Relation rel, (void) pgstat_flush_backend(false, PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO); } +/* + * Report that the table was skipped during vacuum or/and analyze. + */ +void +pgstat_report_skipped_vacuum_analyze(Oid relid, int flags) +{ + PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref; + PgStatShared_Relation *shtabentry; + PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry; + TimestampTz ts; + HeapTuple classTup; + bool isshared; + + if (!pgstat_track_counts || !flags) + return; + + classTup = SearchSysCache1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(relid)); + if (!HeapTupleIsValid(classTup)) + return; /* somebody deleted the rel, forget it */ + isshared = ((Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(classTup))->relisshared; + ReleaseSysCache(classTup); + + /* Store the data in the table's hash table entry. */ + ts = GetCurrentTimestamp(); + + /* block acquiring lock for the same reason as pgstat_report_autovac() */ + entry_ref = pgstat_get_entry_ref_locked(PGSTAT_KIND_RELATION, + isshared ? InvalidOid : MyDatabaseId, + relid, false); + + shtabentry = (PgStatShared_Relation *) entry_ref->shared_stats; + tabentry = &shtabentry->stats; + + if (flags & PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_VACUUM) + { + tabentry->last_skipped_vacuum_time = ts; + tabentry->skipped_vacuum_count++; + } + else if (flags & PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOVACUUM) + { + tabentry->last_skipped_autovacuum_time = ts; + tabentry->skipped_autovacuum_count++; + } + + if (flags & PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_ANALYZE) + { + tabentry->last_skipped_analyze_time = ts; + tabentry->skipped_analyze_count++; + } + else if (flags & PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOANALYZE) + { + tabentry->last_skipped_autoanalyze_time = ts; + tabentry->skipped_autoanalyze_count++; + } + + pgstat_unlock_entry(entry_ref); + + /* see pgstat_report_vacuum() */ + pgstat_flush_io(false); + (void) pgstat_flush_backend(false, PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO); +} + /* * count a tuple insertion of n tuples */ diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c index 1408de387ea..90a8968faa0 100644 --- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c +++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c @@ -84,6 +84,18 @@ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(mod_since_analyze) /* pg_stat_get_numscans */ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(numscans) +/* pg_stat_get_skipped_analyze_count */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(skipped_analyze_count) + +/* pg_stat_get_skipped_autoanalyze_count */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(skipped_autoanalyze_count) + +/* pg_stat_get_skipped_autovacuum_count */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(skipped_autovacuum_count) + +/* pg_stat_get_skipped_vacuum_count */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(skipped_vacuum_count) + /* pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted */ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_INT64(tuples_deleted) @@ -170,6 +182,18 @@ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(last_vacuum_time) /* pg_stat_get_lastscan */ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(lastscan) +/* pg_stat_get_last_skipped_analyze_time */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(last_skipped_analyze_time) + +/* pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autoanalyze_time */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(last_skipped_autoanalyze_time) + +/* pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autovacuum_time */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(last_skipped_autovacuum_time) + +/* pg_stat_get_last_skipped_vacuum_time */ +PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(last_skipped_vacuum_time) + /* pg_stat_get_stat_reset_time */ PG_STAT_GET_RELENTRY_TIMESTAMPTZ(stat_reset_time) diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat index fa9ae79082b..32debb34863 100644 --- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat +++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat @@ -5680,6 +5680,38 @@ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}', proargnames => '{oid,score,xid_score,mxid_score,vacuum_score,vacuum_insert_score,analyze_score,do_vacuum,do_analyze,for_wraparound}', prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_autovacuum_scores' }, +{ oid => '8142', descr => 'statistics: last skipped vacuum time for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_vacuum_time', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_vacuum_time' }, +{ oid => '8143', descr => 'statistics: last skipped auto vacuum time for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autovacuum_time', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autovacuum_time' }, +{ oid => '8144', descr => 'statistics: last skipped analyze time for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_analyze_time', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_analyze_time' }, +{ oid => '8145', descr => 'statistics: last skipped auto analyze time for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autoanalyze_time', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autoanalyze_time' }, +{ oid => '8146', descr => 'statistics: number of skipped vacuum for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_vacuum_count', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_vacuum_count' }, +{ oid => '8147', descr => 'statistics: number of skipped auto vacuum for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_autovacuum_count', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_autovacuum_count' }, +{ oid => '8148', descr => 'statistics: number of skipped analyzes for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_analyze_count', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_analyze_count' }, +{ oid => '8149', descr => 'statistics: number of skipped auto analyzes for a table', + proname => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_autoanalyze_count', provolatile => 's', + proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'oid', + prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_skipped_autoanalyze_count' }, { oid => '1936', descr => 'statistics: currently active backend IDs', proname => 'pg_stat_get_backend_idset', prorows => '100', proretset => 't', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'int4', diff --git a/src/include/pgstat.h b/src/include/pgstat.h index dfa2e837638..98941f953d1 100644 --- a/src/include/pgstat.h +++ b/src/include/pgstat.h @@ -479,6 +479,15 @@ typedef struct PgStat_StatTabEntry TimestampTz last_autoanalyze_time; /* autovacuum initiated */ PgStat_Counter autoanalyze_count; + TimestampTz last_skipped_vacuum_time; /* user initiated vacuum */ + PgStat_Counter skipped_vacuum_count; + TimestampTz last_skipped_autovacuum_time; /* autovacuum initiated */ + PgStat_Counter skipped_autovacuum_count; + TimestampTz last_skipped_analyze_time; /* user initiated */ + PgStat_Counter skipped_analyze_count; + TimestampTz last_skipped_autoanalyze_time; /* autovacuum initiated */ + PgStat_Counter skipped_autoanalyze_count; + PgStat_Counter total_vacuum_time; /* times in milliseconds */ PgStat_Counter total_autovacuum_time; PgStat_Counter total_analyze_time; @@ -703,6 +712,13 @@ extern void pgstat_report_analyze(Relation rel, PgStat_Counter livetuples, PgStat_Counter deadtuples, bool resetcounter, TimestampTz starttime); +/* flags for pgstat_flush_backend() */ +#define PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_VACUUM (1 << 0) /* vacuum is skipped */ +#define PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_ANALYZE (1 << 1) /* analyze is skipped */ +#define PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOVACUUM (1 << 2) /* autovacuum is skipped */ +#define PGSTAT_REPORT_SKIPPED_AUTOANALYZE (1 << 3) /* autoanalyze is skipped */ +extern void pgstat_report_skipped_vacuum_analyze(Oid relid, int flags); + /* * If stats are enabled, but pending data hasn't been prepared yet, call * pgstat_assoc_relation() to do so. See its comment for why this is done diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out index a65a5bf0c4f..9b2075d3373 100644 --- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out +++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out @@ -1835,13 +1835,21 @@ pg_stat_all_tables| SELECT c.oid AS relid, pg_stat_get_mod_since_analyze(c.oid) AS n_mod_since_analyze, pg_stat_get_ins_since_vacuum(c.oid) AS n_ins_since_vacuum, pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_vacuum, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_vacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_skipped_vacuum, pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_autovacuum, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autovacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_skipped_autovacuum, pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time(c.oid) AS last_analyze, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_analyze_time(c.oid) AS last_skipped_analyze, pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time(c.oid) AS last_autoanalyze, + pg_stat_get_last_skipped_autoanalyze_time(c.oid) AS last_skipped_autoanalyze, pg_stat_get_vacuum_count(c.oid) AS vacuum_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_vacuum_count(c.oid) AS skipped_vacuum_count, pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count(c.oid) AS autovacuum_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_autovacuum_count(c.oid) AS skipped_autovacuum_count, pg_stat_get_analyze_count(c.oid) AS analyze_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_analyze_count(c.oid) AS skipped_analyze_count, pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count(c.oid) AS autoanalyze_count, + pg_stat_get_skipped_autoanalyze_count(c.oid) AS skipped_autoanalyze_count, pg_stat_get_total_vacuum_time(c.oid) AS total_vacuum_time, pg_stat_get_total_autovacuum_time(c.oid) AS total_autovacuum_time, pg_stat_get_total_analyze_time(c.oid) AS total_analyze_time, @@ -2346,13 +2354,21 @@ pg_stat_sys_tables| SELECT relid, n_mod_since_analyze, n_ins_since_vacuum, last_vacuum, + last_skipped_vacuum, last_autovacuum, + last_skipped_autovacuum, last_analyze, + last_skipped_analyze, last_autoanalyze, + last_skipped_autoanalyze, vacuum_count, + skipped_vacuum_count, autovacuum_count, + skipped_autovacuum_count, analyze_count, + skipped_analyze_count, autoanalyze_count, + skipped_autoanalyze_count, total_vacuum_time, total_autovacuum_time, total_analyze_time, @@ -2401,13 +2417,21 @@ pg_stat_user_tables| SELECT relid, n_mod_since_analyze, n_ins_since_vacuum, last_vacuum, + last_skipped_vacuum, last_autovacuum, + last_skipped_autovacuum, last_analyze, + last_skipped_analyze, last_autoanalyze, + last_skipped_autoanalyze, vacuum_count, + skipped_vacuum_count, autovacuum_count, + skipped_autovacuum_count, analyze_count, + skipped_analyze_count, autoanalyze_count, + skipped_autoanalyze_count, total_vacuum_time, total_autovacuum_time, total_analyze_time, -- 2.43.0