MERGE command for inheritance

*** /home/postgres/pgwork/repo/git/postgresql/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out	2010-08-11 12:23:50.000000000 -0400
--- /home/postgres/pgwork/repo/git/postgresql/src/test/regress/results/merge.out	2010-08-11 12:33:27.000000000 -0400
***************
*** 44,57 ****
  WHEN MATCHED THEN
  	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
  ;
! SELECT * FROM target;
!  id | balance 
! ----+---------
!   1 |      10
!   2 |      25
!   3 |      50
! (3 rows)
! 
  ROLLBACK;
  -- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
  BEGIN;
--- 44,50 ----
  WHEN MATCHED THEN
  	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
  ;
! NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
  ROLLBACK;
  -- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
  BEGIN;
***************
*** 61,66 ****
--- 54,61 ----
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
***************
*** 102,107 ****
--- 97,103 ----
  WHEN MATCHED THEN
  	DELETE
  ;
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
***************
*** 165,176 ****
  ERROR:  multiple actions on single target row
   
  ROLLBACK;
! 
  -- This next SQL statement
  --  fails according to standard
  --  suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation by simply ignoring the second
  --  matching row since it activates no WHEN clause
  BEGIN;
  MERGE into target t
  USING (select * from source) AS s
  ON t.id = s.id
--- 161,175 ----
  ERROR:  multiple actions on single target row
   
  ROLLBACK;
! ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ERROR"
! LINE 1: ERROR:  multiple actions on single target row
!         ^
  -- This next SQL statement
  --  fails according to standard
  --  suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation by simply ignoring the second
  --  matching row since it activates no WHEN clause
  BEGIN;
+ ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
  MERGE into target t
  USING (select * from source) AS s
  ON t.id = s.id
***************
*** 179,184 ****
--- 178,184 ----
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
+ ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
  ROLLBACK;
  -- Now lets prepare the test data to generate 2 non-matching rows
  DELETE FROM source WHERE id = 3 AND balance = 5;
***************
*** 188,195 ****
  ----+---------
    2 |       5
    3 |      20
-   4 |       5
    4 |      40
  (4 rows)
  
  -- This next SQL statement
--- 188,195 ----
  ----+---------
    2 |       5
    3 |      20
    4 |      40
+   4 |       5
  (4 rows)
  
  -- This next SQL statement
***************
*** 203,216 ****
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
    1 |      10
    2 |      20
    3 |      30
-   4 |       5
    4 |      40
  (5 rows)
  
  ROLLBACK;
--- 203,218 ----
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
    1 |      10
    2 |      20
    3 |      30
    4 |      40
+   4 |       5
  (5 rows)
  
  ROLLBACK;
***************
*** 225,239 ****
  WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
    1 |      10
    2 |      20
    3 |      30
!     |
!     |
! (5 rows)
  
  ROLLBACK;
  -- This next SQL statement suceeds, but does nothing since there are
--- 227,243 ----
  WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
  	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
  ;
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
  SELECT * FROM target;
   id | balance 
  ----+---------
    1 |      10
    2 |      20
    3 |      30
! (3 rows)
  
  ROLLBACK;
  -- This next SQL statement suceeds, but does nothing since there are
***************
*** 249,262 ****
  WHEN NOT MATCHED
  	DO NOTHING
  ;
  SELECT * FROM target;
!  id | balance 
! ----+---------
!   1 |      10
!   2 |      20
!   3 |      30
! (3 rows)
! 
  ROLLBACK;
  --
  -- Weirdness
--- 253,263 ----
  WHEN NOT MATCHED
  	DO NOTHING
  ;
+ ERROR:  syntax error at or near "DO"
+ LINE 7:  DO NOTHING
+          ^
  SELECT * FROM target;
! ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
  ROLLBACK;
  --
  -- Weirdness

======================================================================

merge_v103.patch0000644000076400010400000027730611431162020015022 0ustar  bxzhaiAdministratorsdiff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
index 7518c84..3aa9aab 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ Complete list of usable sgml source files in this directory.
 <!entity listen             system "listen.sgml">
 <!entity load               system "load.sgml">
 <!entity lock               system "lock.sgml">
+<!entity merge              system "merge.sgml">
 <!entity move               system "move.sgml">
 <!entity notify             system "notify.sgml">
 <!entity prepare            system "prepare.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4a0849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+<!--
+$PostgreSQL$
+-->
+
+<refentry id="SQL-MERGE">
+ <refmeta>
+  <refentrytitle id="SQL-MERGE-TITLE">MERGE</refentrytitle>
+  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+  <refname>MERGE</refname>
+  <refpurpose>update, insert or delete rows of a table based upon source data</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <indexterm zone="sql-merge">
+  <primary>MERGE</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+<synopsis>
+MERGE INTO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ [ AS ] <replaceable class="parameter">alias</replaceable> ]
+USING <replaceable class="PARAMETER">source-query</replaceable>
+ON <replaceable class="PARAMETER">join_condition</replaceable>
+[<replaceable class="PARAMETER">when_clause</replaceable> [...]]
+
+where <replaceable class="PARAMETER">when_clause</replaceable> is
+
+{ WHEN MATCHED [ AND <replaceable class="PARAMETER">condition</replaceable> ] THEN { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_update</replaceable> | DELETE | DO NOTHING | RAISE ERROR}
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED [ AND <replaceable class="PARAMETER">condition</replaceable> ] THEN { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_insert</replaceable> | DO NOTHING | RAISE ERROR} }
+
+where <replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_update</replaceable> is
+
+UPDATE SET { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> = { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } |
+           ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> [, ...] ) = ( { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
+
+and <replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_insert</replaceable> is
+
+INSERT [( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> [, ...] )] { VALUES ( { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | DEFAULT VALUES }
+</synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Description</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <command>MERGE</command> performs at most one action on each row from
+   the target table, driven by the rows from the source query. This
+   provides a way to specify a single SQL statement that can conditionally
+   <command>UPDATE</command> or <command>INSERT</command> rows, a task
+   that would otherwise require multiple procedural language statements.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   First, the <command>MERGE</command> command performs a left outer join
+   from source query to target table, producing zero or more merged rows. For 
+   each merged row, <literal>WHEN</> clauses are evaluated in the
+   specified order until one of them is activated. The corresponding action
+   is then applied and processing continues for the next row.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   <command>MERGE</command> actions have the same effect as 
+   regular <command>UPDATE</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, or
+   <command>DELETE</command> commands of the same names, though the syntax
+   is slightly different.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If no <literal>WHEN</> clause activates then an implicit action of 
+   <literal>RAISE ERROR</> is performed for that row. If that
+   implicit action is not desirable an explicit action of 
+   <literal>DO NOTHING</> may be specified instead.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   <command>MERGE</command> will only affect rows only in the specified table.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   There is no <literal>RETURNING</> clause with <command>MERGE</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   There is no MERGE privilege.
+   You must have the <literal>UPDATE</literal> privilege on the table
+   if you specify an update action, the <literal>INSERT</literal> privilege if
+   you specify an insert action and/or the <literal>DELETE</literal> privilege
+   if you wish to delete. You will also require the 
+   <literal>SELECT</literal> privilege to any table whose values are read 
+   in the <replaceable class="parameter">expressions</replaceable> or
+   <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Parameters</title>
+
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the table to merge into.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">alias</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      A substitute name for the target table. When an alias is
+      provided, it completely hides the actual name of the table.  For
+      example, given <literal>MERGE foo AS f</>, the remainder of the
+      <command>MERGE</command> statement must refer to this table as
+      <literal>f</> not <literal>foo</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">source-query</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      A query (<command>SELECT</command> statement or <command>VALUES</command>
+      statement) that supplies the rows to be merged into the target table.
+      Refer to the <xref linkend="sql-select">
+      statement or <xref linkend="sql-values"> 
+      statement for a description of the syntax.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">join_condition</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable> is
+      an expression resulting in a value of type
+      <type>boolean</type> (similar to a <literal>WHERE</literal>
+      clause) that specifies which rows in the join are considered to
+      match.  You should ensure that the join produces at most one output
+      row for each row to be modified.  An attempt to modify any row of the
+      target table more than once will result in an error.  This behaviour
+      requires the user to take greater care in using <command>MERGE</command>,
+      though is required explicitly by the SQL Standard.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">condition</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      An expression that returns a value of type <type>boolean</type>.
+      If this expression returns <literal>true</> then the <literal>WHEN</>
+	  clause will be activated and the corresponding action will occur for
+      that row.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_update</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The specification of an <literal>UPDATE</> action.  Do not include
+      the table name, as you would normally do with an 
+      <xref linkend="sql-update"> command.
+      For example, <literal>UPDATE tab SET col = 1</> is invalid. Also,
+      do not include a <literal>WHERE</> clause, since only the current
+      can be updated. For example, 
+      <literal>UPDATE SET col = 1 WHERE key = 57</> is invalid.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">merge_insert</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The specification of an <literal>INSERT</> action.  Do not include
+      the table name, as you would normally do with an 
+      <xref linkend="sql-insert"> command.
+      For example, <literal>INSERT INTO tab VALUES (1, 50)</> is invalid.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a column in <replaceable
+      class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>.
+      The column name can be qualified with a subfield name or array
+      subscript, if needed.  Do not include the table's name in the
+      specification of a target column &mdash; for example,
+      <literal>UPDATE SET tab.col = 1</> is invalid.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      An expression to assign to the column.  The expression can use the
+      old values of this and other columns in the table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>DEFAULT</literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Set the column to its default value (which will be NULL if no
+      specific default expression has been assigned to it).
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+  </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Outputs</title>
+
+  <para>
+   On successful completion, a <command>MERGE</> command returns a command
+   tag of the form
+<screen>
+MERGE <replaceable class="parameter">total-count</replaceable>
+</screen>
+   The <replaceable class="parameter">total-count</replaceable> is the number
+   of rows changed (either updated, inserted or deleted).  
+   If <replaceable class="parameter">total-count</replaceable> is 0, no rows
+   were changed (this is not considered an error).
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The number of rows updated, inserted or deleted is not available as part 
+   of the command tag. An optional NOTIFY message can be generated to
+   present this information, if desired.
+<screen>
+NOTIFY:  34 rows processed: 11 updated, 5 deleted, 15 inserted, 3 default inserts, 0 no action
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Notes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   What essentially happens is that the target table is left outer-joined to 
+   the tables mentioned in the <replaceable>source-query</replaceable>, and
+   each output row of the join may then activate at most one when-clause.
+   The row will be matched only once per statement, so the status of
+   <literal>MATCHED</> or <literal>NOT MATCHED</> cannot change once testing
+   of <literal>WHEN</> clauses has begun. <command>MERGE</command> will not
+   invoke Rules.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The following steps take place during the execution of 
+   <command>MERGE</command>. 
+    <orderedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Perform any BEFORE STATEMENT triggers for actions specified, whether or
+       not they actually occur.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Perform left outer join from source to target table. Then for each row:
+       <orderedlist>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          Evaluate whether each row is MATCHED or NOT MATCHED.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          Test each WHEN condition in the order specified until one activates.
+          Identify the action and its event type.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          Perform any BEFORE ROW triggers that fire for the action's event type.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          Apply the action specified.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          Perform any AFTER ROW triggers that fire for the action's event type.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </orderedlist>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Perform any AFTER STATEMENT triggers for actions specified, whether or 
+       not they actually occur. 
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </orderedlist>
+   In summary, statement triggers for an event type (say, INSERT) will
+   be fired whenever we <emphasis>specify</> an action of that kind. Row-level
+   triggers will fire only for event type <emphasis>activated</>.
+   So a <command>MERGE</command> might fire statement triggers for both
+   <literal>UPDATE</> and <literal>INSERT</>, even though only 
+   <literal>UPDATE</> row triggers were fired.
+  </para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Examples</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Attempt to insert a new stock item along with the quantity of stock. If
+   the item already exists, instead update the stock count of the existing
+   item. 
+<programlisting>
+MERGE INTO wines w
+USING (VALUES('Chateau Lafite 2003', '24')) v
+ON v.column1 = w.winename
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT VALUES(v.column1, v.column2)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+  UPDATE SET stock = stock + v.column2;
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Perform maintenance on CustomerAccounts based upon new Transactions.
+   The following statement will fail if any accounts have had more than
+   one transaction
+
+<programlisting>
+MERGE CustomerAccount CA
+
+USING (SELECT CustomerId, TransactionValue, 
+       FROM Transactions
+       WHERE TransactionId > 35345678) AS T
+
+ON T.CustomerId = CA.CustomerId
+
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+  UPDATE SET Balance = Balance - TransactionValue
+
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN 
+  INSERT (CustomerId, Balance)
+  VALUES (T.CustomerId, T.TransactionValue)
+;
+</programlisting>
+
+   so the right way to do this is to pre-aggregate the data
+
+<programlisting>
+MERGE CustomerAccount CA
+
+USING (SELECT CustomerId, Sum(TransactionValue) As TransactionSum
+       FROM Transactions
+       WHERE TransactionId > 35345678
+       GROUP BY CustomerId) AS T
+
+ON T.CustomerId = CA.CustomerId
+
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+  UPDATE SET Balance = Balance - TransactionSum
+
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT (CustomerId, Balance)
+  VALUES (T.CustomerId, T.TransactionSum)
+;
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Compatibility</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This command conforms to the <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard, except
+   that the <literal>DELETE</literal> and <literal>DO NOTHING</> actions
+   are <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extensions.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   According to the standard, the column-list syntax for an <literal>UPDATE</>
+   action should allow a list of columns to be assigned from a single
+   row-valued expression. 
+   This is not currently implemented &mdash; the source must be a list
+   of independent expressions.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml
index 5268794..677390c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml
@@ -327,6 +327,9 @@ UPDATE wines SET stock = stock + 24 WHERE winename = 'Chateau Lafite 2003';
 -- continue with other operations, and eventually
 COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
+
+    This operation can be executed in a single statement using
+    <xref linkend="sql-merge" endterm="sql-merge-title">.
   </para>
 
   <para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml
index c33d883..5068235 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@
    &listen;
    &load;
    &lock;
+   &merge;
    &move;
    &notify;
    &prepare;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/explain.c b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
index b776ad1..1a9e39a 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/explain.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ static void show_sort_keys(SortState *sortstate, List *ancestors,
 static void show_sort_info(SortState *sortstate, ExplainState *es);
 static void show_hash_info(HashState *hashstate, ExplainState *es);
 static const char *explain_get_index_name(Oid indexId);
+static void ExplainMergeActions(ModifyTableState *mt_planstate, 
+									List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
 static void ExplainScanTarget(Scan *plan, ExplainState *es);
 static void ExplainMemberNodes(List *plans, PlanState **planstates,
 				   List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
@@ -636,6 +638,9 @@ ExplainNode(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
 				case CMD_DELETE:
 					pname = operation = "Delete";
 					break;
+				case CMD_MERGE:
+					pname = operation = "Merge";
+					break;
 				default:
 					pname = "???";
 					break;
@@ -1190,6 +1195,8 @@ ExplainNode(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
 	switch (nodeTag(plan))
 	{
 		case T_ModifyTable:
+			ExplainMergeActions((ModifyTableState *)planstate, ancestors, es);
+			
 			ExplainMemberNodes(((ModifyTable *) plan)->plans,
 							   ((ModifyTableState *) planstate)->mt_plans,
 							   ancestors, es);
@@ -1482,6 +1489,64 @@ explain_get_index_name(Oid indexId)
 	return result;
 }
 
+static void
+ExplainMergeActions(ModifyTableState *mt_planstate, List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
+{
+	ListCell *l;
+	StringInfo buf = makeStringInfo();
+	
+	if(mt_planstate->operation != CMD_MERGE || mt_planstate->mergeActPstates == NIL)
+		return;
+
+	foreach(l,mt_planstate->mergeActPstates)
+	{
+		ModifyTableState *mt_state = (ModifyTableState *)lfirst(l);
+
+		MergeActionState *act_pstate = (MergeActionState *)mt_state->mt_plans[0];
+
+		MergeAction *act_plan = (MergeAction *)act_pstate->ps.plan;
+
+		resetStringInfo(buf);
+
+		/*prepare the string for printing*/
+		switch(act_pstate->operation)
+		{
+			case CMD_INSERT:
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, "INSERT WHEN ");			
+				break;
+			case CMD_UPDATE:
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, "UPDATE WHEN ");
+				break;
+			case CMD_DELETE:
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, "DELETE WHEN ");
+				break;	
+			case CMD_DONOTHING:
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, "DO NOTHING WHEN ");
+				break;	
+			case CMD_RAISEERR:
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, "RAISE ERROR WHEN ");
+				break;		
+			default:
+				elog(ERROR, "unknown merge action type when explain");
+		}
+
+		if(act_plan->matched)
+			appendStringInfoString(buf, "MATCHED ");
+		else
+			appendStringInfoString(buf, "NOT MATCHED ");
+
+		if(act_plan->flattenedqual)
+			appendStringInfoString(buf, "AND ");
+
+		/*print it*/
+		ExplainPropertyText("ACTION", buf->data, es);
+		
+		show_qual(act_plan->flattenedqual, "  qual", &act_pstate->ps, ancestors, true, es);
+		
+	}
+	
+}
+
 /*
  * Show the target of a Scan node
  */
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 8b017ae..cbf59df 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -2342,6 +2342,107 @@ ExecASTruncateTriggers(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relinfo)
 							  false, NULL, NULL, NIL, NULL);
 }
 
+void
+ExecBSMergeTriggers(ModifyTableState *mt_state)
+{
+	ListCell *l;
+
+	bool doUpdateTriggers = false;
+	bool doInsertTriggers = false;
+	bool doDeleteTriggers = false;
+
+	foreach(l, mt_state->mergeActPstates)
+	{
+		ModifyTableState *actmtstate;
+		MergeActionState *actPstate;
+		MergeAction *actplan;
+
+		actmtstate = (ModifyTableState *)lfirst(l);		
+		
+		actPstate = (MergeActionState *)actmtstate->mt_plans[0];
+		
+		actplan = (MergeAction *)actPstate->ps.plan;
+		/*the replace action does not fire triggers*/
+		if(actplan->replaced)
+			continue;
+
+		if(actplan->operation == CMD_UPDATE)
+			doUpdateTriggers = true;
+		else if(actplan->operation == CMD_INSERT)
+			doInsertTriggers = true;
+		else if(actplan->operation == CMD_DELETE)
+			doDeleteTriggers = true;
+		
+	}
+
+	/*fire the triggers*/
+	if(doUpdateTriggers)
+		ExecBSUpdateTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);
+
+	
+	if(doInsertTriggers)
+		ExecBSInsertTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);	
+
+
+	if(doDeleteTriggers)
+		ExecBSDeleteTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+void
+ExecASMergeTriggers(ModifyTableState *mt_state)
+{
+	ListCell *l;
+
+	bool doUpdateTriggers = false;
+	bool doInsertTriggers = false;
+	bool doDeleteTriggers = false;
+
+	foreach(l, mt_state->mergeActPstates)
+	{
+		ModifyTableState *actmtstate;
+		MergeActionState *actPstate;
+		MergeAction *actplan;
+		
+		actmtstate = (ModifyTableState *)lfirst(l);		
+		
+		actPstate = (MergeActionState *)actmtstate->mt_plans[0];
+		
+		actplan = (MergeAction *)actPstate->ps.plan;
+		/*the replace action does not fire triggers*/
+		if(actplan->replaced)
+			continue;
+
+		if(actplan->operation == CMD_UPDATE)
+			doUpdateTriggers = true;
+		else if(actplan->operation == CMD_INSERT)
+			doInsertTriggers = true;
+		else if(actplan->operation == CMD_DELETE)
+			doDeleteTriggers = true;
+		
+	}
+
+	/*fire the triggers*/
+	if(doUpdateTriggers)
+		ExecASUpdateTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);
+
+	
+	if(doInsertTriggers)
+		ExecASInsertTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);	
+
+
+	if(doDeleteTriggers)
+		ExecASDeleteTriggers(mt_state->ps.state, 
+							mt_state->ps.state->es_result_relations);
+
+	return;
+}
 
 static HeapTuple
 GetTupleForTrigger(EState *estate,
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execMain.c b/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
index b34a154..3a943a2 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ standard_ExecutorStart(QueryDesc *queryDesc, int eflags)
 		case CMD_INSERT:
 		case CMD_DELETE:
 		case CMD_UPDATE:
+		case CMD_MERGE:	
 			estate->es_output_cid = GetCurrentCommandId(true);
 			break;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
index f4cc7d9..2d1a4e7 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
@@ -153,6 +153,11 @@ ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 													   estate, eflags);
 			break;
 
+		case T_MergeAction:
+			result = (PlanState *) ExecInitMergeAction((MergeAction*) node,
+													   estate, eflags);
+			break;
+			
 		case T_Append:
 			result = (PlanState *) ExecInitAppend((Append *) node,
 												  estate, eflags);
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
index 8619ce3..8ab81ae 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
@@ -582,6 +582,143 @@ lreplace:;
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static TupleTableSlot *
+MergeRaiseErr(void)
+{
+	elog(NOTICE, "one tuple is ERROR");
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static TupleTableSlot *
+ExecMerge(ItemPointer tupleid,
+		   TupleTableSlot *slot,
+		   TupleTableSlot *planSlot,
+		   ModifyTableState *node,
+		   EState *estate)
+{
+
+	TupleTableSlot *actslot = NULL;
+	TupleTableSlot *res = NULL;
+	ListCell *each;
+
+	/*
+	*	try the merge actions one by one
+	*/
+	foreach(each, node->mergeActPstates)
+	{
+		ModifyTableState *mt_pstate;
+
+		MergeActionState *action_pstate; 
+
+		ExprContext *econtext;
+
+		bool matched;
+
+		
+		mt_pstate = (ModifyTableState *)lfirst(each);
+
+		/*
+		*	mt_pstate is supposed to have only ONE mt_plans, 
+		*	which is a MergeActionState
+		*/
+		Assert(mt_pstate->mt_nplans == 1);
+
+		action_pstate = (MergeActionState *)mt_pstate->mt_plans[0];
+
+		matched = ((MergeAction *)action_pstate->ps.plan)->matched;
+
+
+		/*
+		*	If tupleid == NULL, it is a NOT MATCHED case, 
+		*	else, it is a MATCHED case, 
+		*/		
+		if((tupleid == NULL && matched) || (tupleid != NULL && !matched))
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*Setup the expression context*/
+		econtext = action_pstate->ps.ps_ExprContext;
+
+		/*
+			If the action has an additional qual, 
+			which is not satisfied, skip it
+		*/			
+		if(action_pstate->ps.qual) 
+		{	
+			ResetExprContext(econtext);
+		
+			econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
+			econtext->ecxt_outertuple = planSlot;
+
+			if(!ExecQual(action_pstate->ps.qual, econtext,false))
+			{	
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+
+		/*
+		* OK, the input tuple is caugth by current action.
+		* If this action is "replaced" by rules, we will skip it 
+		* AND THE REMAINING ACTIONS.
+		*/
+		Assert(IsA(action_pstate->ps.plan, MergeAction));
+		if(((MergeAction *)action_pstate->ps.plan)->replaced)
+			return NULL;		
+			
+		
+		/*Now we start to exec this action.
+		We have 5 action types*/
+		
+		/*1. do nothing for a DO NOTHING action*/
+		if(action_pstate->operation == CMD_DONOTHING)
+			return NULL;
+
+		/*2. throw an error for a RAISE ERROR action*/
+		if(action_pstate->operation == CMD_RAISEERR)
+			return MergeRaiseErr();
+		
+		/*3. project the result tuple slot, for INSERT/UPDATE action*/
+		if(action_pstate->operation != CMD_DELETE)
+			actslot = ExecProcessReturning(action_pstate->ps.ps_ProjInfo, 
+												slot, planSlot);
+
+		switch (action_pstate->operation)
+		{
+			case CMD_INSERT:
+				res = ExecInsert(actslot, planSlot, estate);
+				return res;
+				break;
+			case CMD_UPDATE:
+				res = ExecUpdate(tupleid,
+							actslot,
+							planSlot,
+							&mt_pstate->mt_epqstate,
+							estate);
+				return res;
+				break;
+			case CMD_DELETE:
+				res = ExecDelete(tupleid, 
+							planSlot, 
+							&mt_pstate->mt_epqstate,
+							estate);
+				return res;
+				break;
+			default:
+				elog(ERROR, "unknown merge action type for excute");
+				break;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/*
+	* Here, no action is taken. Let's do the default thing,
+	* which is Raise Error in crrent edition
+	*/	
+	return MergeRaiseErr();
+	
+}
 
 /*
  * Process BEFORE EACH STATEMENT triggers
@@ -603,6 +740,9 @@ fireBSTriggers(ModifyTableState *node)
 			ExecBSDeleteTriggers(node->ps.state,
 								 node->ps.state->es_result_relations);
 			break;
+		case CMD_MERGE:
+			ExecBSMergeTriggers(node);
+			break;
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "unknown operation");
 			break;
@@ -629,6 +769,9 @@ fireASTriggers(ModifyTableState *node)
 			ExecASDeleteTriggers(node->ps.state,
 								 node->ps.state->es_result_relations);
 			break;
+		case CMD_MERGE:
+			ExecASMergeTriggers(node);
+			break;	
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "unknown operation");
 			break;
@@ -708,20 +851,34 @@ ExecModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node)
 			/*
 			 * extract the 'ctid' junk attribute.
 			 */
-			if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE)
+			if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE || operation == CMD_MERGE)
 			{
 				Datum		datum;
 				bool		isNull;
 
 				datum = ExecGetJunkAttribute(slot, junkfilter->jf_junkAttNo,
 											 &isNull);
-				/* shouldn't ever get a null result... */
+				
 				if (isNull)
-					elog(ERROR, "ctid is NULL");
-
-				tupleid = (ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum);
-				tuple_ctid = *tupleid;	/* be sure we don't free the ctid!! */
-				tupleid = &tuple_ctid;
+				{
+					/*
+					*	shouldn't ever get a null result for update and delete. 
+					*	Merge command will get a null ctid in "NOT MATCHED" case
+					*/
+					if(operation != CMD_MERGE)
+						elog(ERROR, "ctid is NULL");
+					else
+						tupleid = NULL;
+				}	
+				else
+				{
+				
+					tupleid = (ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum);
+					
+					tuple_ctid = *tupleid;	/* be sure we don't free the ctid!! */
+					tupleid = &tuple_ctid;
+					
+				}
 			}
 
 			/*
@@ -744,6 +901,10 @@ ExecModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node)
 				slot = ExecDelete(tupleid, planSlot,
 								  &node->mt_epqstate, estate);
 				break;
+			case CMD_MERGE:
+				slot = ExecMerge(tupleid, slot, planSlot,
+								  node, estate);
+				break;					
 			default:
 				elog(ERROR, "unknown operation");
 				break;
@@ -771,6 +932,74 @@ ExecModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+*	When init a merge plan, we also need init its action plans. 
+*	These action plans are "MergeAction" plans .
+*	
+*	This function mainly handles the tlist and qual in the plan.
+*	The returning result is a  "MergeActionState".  
+*/
+MergeActionState *
+ExecInitMergeAction(MergeAction *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
+{
+	MergeActionState *result;
+	
+	/*
+	 * do nothing when we get to the end of a leaf on tree.
+	 */
+	if (node == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+		
+	/*
+	 * create state structure
+	 */
+	result = makeNode(MergeActionState);
+	result->operation = node->operation;
+	result->ps.plan = (Plan *)node;
+	result->ps.state = estate;
+
+	/*
+	 * tuple table initialization
+	 */
+	ExecInitResultTupleSlot(estate, &result->ps);
+
+	/*
+	 * initialize tuple type 
+	 */
+	ExecAssignResultTypeFromTL(&result->ps);
+
+		
+	/*
+	 * create expression context for node
+	 */
+	 
+	ExecAssignExprContext(estate, &result->ps);
+
+
+	/*
+	 * initialize child expressions
+	 */
+	result->ps.targetlist = (List *)
+		ExecInitExpr((Expr *) node->plan.targetlist,  &result->ps);
+
+	
+	result->ps.qual = (List *)
+		ExecInitExpr((Expr *) node->plan.qual, &result->ps);
+
+	
+	/*
+	* init the projection information
+	*/
+	ExecAssignProjectionInfo(&result->ps, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	do we need a check for the plan output here ?
+	(by calling the ExecCheckPlanOutput() function
+	*/
+	
+	return result;
+}
+
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
  *		ExecInitModifyTable
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -786,6 +1015,7 @@ ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	Plan	   *subplan;
 	ListCell   *l;
 	int			i;
+	bool 		isMergeAction = false;
 
 	/* check for unsupported flags */
 	Assert(!(eflags & (EXEC_FLAG_BACKWARD | EXEC_FLAG_MARK)));
@@ -826,6 +1056,16 @@ ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	foreach(l, node->plans)
 	{
 		subplan = (Plan *) lfirst(l);
+
+		/*
+		* 	test if this subplan node is a MergeAction. 
+		* 	We need this information for setting the junckfilter. 
+		*	juckfiler is necessary for an ordinary UPDATE/DELETE plan, 
+		*	but not for an UPDATE/DELETE merge action  
+		*/		
+		if(IsA(subplan, MergeAction))
+			isMergeAction = true;
+		
 		mtstate->mt_plans[i] = ExecInitNode(subplan, estate, eflags);
 		estate->es_result_relation_info++;
 		i++;
@@ -955,7 +1195,12 @@ ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 				break;
 			case CMD_UPDATE:
 			case CMD_DELETE:
-				junk_filter_needed = true;
+			case CMD_MERGE:	
+				if(!isMergeAction)
+					junk_filter_needed = true;
+				break;
+			case CMD_DONOTHING:
+			case CMD_RAISEERR:
 				break;
 			default:
 				elog(ERROR, "unknown operation");
@@ -978,9 +1223,9 @@ ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 							resultRelInfo->ri_RelationDesc->rd_att->tdhasoid,
 									   ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate));
 
-				if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE)
+				if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE || operation == CMD_MERGE)
 				{
-					/* For UPDATE/DELETE, find the ctid junk attr now */
+					/* For UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE, find the ctid junk attr now */
 					j->jf_junkAttNo = ExecFindJunkAttribute(j, "ctid");
 					if (!AttributeNumberIsValid(j->jf_junkAttNo))
 						elog(ERROR, "could not find junk ctid column");
@@ -1006,6 +1251,19 @@ ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	if (estate->es_trig_tuple_slot == NULL)
 		estate->es_trig_tuple_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate);
 
+	/*
+	* for the merge actions, we need to do similar things as above
+	*/
+	foreach(l, node->mergeActPlan)
+	{
+		PlanState *actpstate = ExecInitNode((Plan *)lfirst(l),  estate, 0);
+		/*
+		* put the pstates of each action into ModifyTableState
+		*/
+		mtstate->mergeActPstates = lappend(mtstate->mergeActPstates, actpstate);
+		
+	}
+	
 	return mtstate;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 69262d6..1379686 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ _copyModifyTable(ModifyTable *from)
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(returningLists);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(epqParam);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeActPlan);
 
 	return newnode;
 }
@@ -2274,6 +2275,11 @@ _copyQuery(Query *from)
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
 
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(isMergeAction);
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(replaced);
+	/*merge action list*/
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeActQry); 
+
 	return newnode;
 }
 
@@ -2344,6 +2350,59 @@ _copySelectStmt(SelectStmt *from)
 	return newnode;
 }
 
+static MergeStmt *
+_copyMergeStmt(MergeStmt *from)
+{
+	MergeStmt *newnode = makeNode(MergeStmt);
+
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(relation);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(source);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(matchCondition);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(actions);
+	
+	return newnode;
+	
+}
+
+static MergeConditionAction *
+_copyMergeConditionAction(MergeConditionAction *from)
+{
+	MergeConditionAction *newnode = makeNode(MergeConditionAction);
+
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(match);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(condition);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(action);
+
+	return newnode;
+}
+
+static MergeUpdate *
+_copyMergeUpdate(MergeUpdate *from)
+{
+	MergeUpdate *newNode = (MergeUpdate *)_copyUpdateStmt((UpdateStmt *) from);
+	newNode->type = T_MergeUpdate;
+
+	return newNode;
+}
+
+static MergeInsert *
+_copyMergeInsert(MergeInsert *from)
+{
+	MergeInsert *newNode = (MergeInsert *)_copyInsertStmt((InsertStmt *) from);
+	newNode->type = T_MergeInsert;
+
+	return newNode;
+}
+
+static MergeDelete *
+_copyMergeDelete(MergeDelete *from)
+{
+	MergeDelete *newNode = (MergeDelete *)_copyDeleteStmt((DeleteStmt *) from);
+	newNode->type = T_MergeDelete;
+
+	return newNode;
+}
+
 static SetOperationStmt *
 _copySetOperationStmt(SetOperationStmt *from)
 {
@@ -3905,6 +3964,21 @@ copyObject(void *from)
 		case T_SelectStmt:
 			retval = _copySelectStmt(from);
 			break;
+		case T_MergeStmt:
+			retval = _copyMergeStmt(from);
+			break;
+		case T_MergeConditionAction:
+			retval = _copyMergeConditionAction(from);
+			break;
+		case T_MergeUpdate:
+			retval = _copyMergeUpdate(from);
+			break;
+		case T_MergeInsert:
+			retval = _copyMergeInsert(from);
+			break;
+		case T_MergeDelete:
+			retval = _copyMergeDelete(from);
+			break;
 		case T_SetOperationStmt:
 			retval = _copySetOperationStmt(from);
 			break;
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index 667057b..f726a48 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -879,6 +879,9 @@ _equalQuery(Query *a, Query *b)
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
 
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(isMergeAction);
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(replaced);
+	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActQry);
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 04a6647..c88d422 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ _outModifyTable(StringInfo str, ModifyTable *node)
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(returningLists);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	WRITE_INT_FIELD(epqParam);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActPlan);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2021,6 +2022,53 @@ _outQuery(StringInfo str, Query *node)
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(isMergeAction);
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(replaced);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActQry);
+}
+
+static void
+_outMergeConditionAction(StringInfo str, MergeConditionAction *node)
+{
+	WRITE_NODE_TYPE("MERGECONDITIONACTION");
+
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(match);
+	
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(condition);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(action);
+}
+
+static void
+_outMergeStmt(StringInfo str, MergeStmt *node)
+{
+	WRITE_NODE_TYPE("MERGESTMT");
+
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(relation);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(source);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(matchCondition);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(actions);
+}
+
+static void
+_outMergeAction(StringInfo str, MergeAction*node)
+{
+	_outPlanInfo(str, (Plan *)node);
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(replaced);
+	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(operation, CmdType);
+	WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(flattenedqual);
+}
+
+static void 
+_outDeleteStmt(StringInfo str, DeleteStmt *node)
+{
+	WRITE_NODE_TYPE("DELETESTMT");
+
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(relation);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(usingClause);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(whereClause);
+	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(returningList);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2906,6 +2954,18 @@ _outNode(StringInfo str, void *obj)
 			case T_XmlSerialize:
 				_outXmlSerialize(str, obj);
 				break;
+			case T_MergeAction:
+				_outMergeAction(str, obj);
+				break;
+			case T_MergeStmt:
+				_outMergeStmt(str, obj);
+				break;
+			case T_MergeConditionAction:
+				_outMergeConditionAction(str,obj);
+				break;
+			case T_DeleteStmt:
+				_outDeleteStmt(str,obj);
+				break;			
 
 			default:
 
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
index 0a2edcb..a8581a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
@@ -219,6 +219,10 @@ _readQuery(void)
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
+	READ_BOOL_FIELD(isMergeAction);
+	READ_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
+	READ_BOOL_FIELD(replaced);
+	READ_NODE_FIELD(mergeActQry);
 
 	READ_DONE();
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
index 3950ab4..d7b3f96 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
@@ -102,7 +102,12 @@ static void get_column_info_for_window(PlannerInfo *root, WindowClause *wc,
 						   int *ordNumCols,
 						   AttrNumber **ordColIdx,
 						   Oid **ordOperators);
-
+static ModifyTable *merge_action_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, 
+											Query *parse,
+				 							Plan *top_plan);
+static void merge_action_list_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, 
+											Query *parse, 
+											ModifyTable *mainplan);
 
 /*****************************************************************************
  *
@@ -565,6 +570,11 @@ subquery_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
 											 returningLists,
 											 rowMarks,
 											 SS_assign_special_param(root));
+
+			/*do a simple plan for each actions in the merge command.
+			*put them in mergeActPlan list;
+			*/
+			merge_action_list_planner(glob, parse, (ModifyTable *)plan);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -584,6 +594,138 @@ subquery_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
 	return plan;
 }
 
+static void
+merge_action_list_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse, ModifyTable *mainplan)
+{
+	ListCell *l;
+
+	/*this is a function for MERGE command only*/
+	if(parse->commandType != CMD_MERGE || 
+		mainplan->operation != CMD_MERGE)
+		return;
+
+	/*if the merge actions are already there, no need to do it again*/
+	if(mainplan->mergeActPlan != NIL)
+		return;
+
+	/*plan each action query*/
+	foreach(l, parse->mergeActQry)
+	{
+		Plan *actplan = (Plan *)merge_action_planner(glob, 
+											(Query *)lfirst(l),
+											(Plan *)linitial(mainplan->plans)
+																);
+
+		mainplan->mergeActPlan = lappend(mainplan->mergeActPlan, actplan);
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+/*create plan for a single merge action*/
+static ModifyTable *
+merge_action_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
+				 Plan *top_plan)
+{
+	PlannerInfo *root;
+	MergeAction	*actplan;
+	ModifyTable *result;
+	
+	List	   	*returningLists;
+	List 		*rowMarks;
+
+	/*
+	 * no having clause in a merge action
+	 */
+	Assert(parse->havingQual == NULL);
+
+
+	/* Create a PlannerInfo data structure for this subquery */
+	root = makeNode(PlannerInfo);
+	root->parse = parse;
+	root->glob = glob;
+	root->query_level = 1;
+	root->parent_root = NULL;
+	root->planner_cxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
+	root->init_plans = NIL;
+	root->cte_plan_ids = NIL;
+	root->eq_classes = NIL;
+	root->append_rel_list = NIL;
+	root->hasPseudoConstantQuals = false;
+	root->hasRecursion = false;
+	root->wt_param_id = -1;
+	root->non_recursive_plan = NULL;
+	
+
+	/*
+	*	Create the action plan node
+	*/
+	actplan = makeNode(MergeAction);
+	actplan->operation = parse->commandType;
+	actplan->replaced = parse->replaced;
+	actplan->matched = parse->matched;
+	
+	/*
+	 * Do expression preprocessing on targetlist and quals.
+	 */
+	parse->targetList = (List *)
+		preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) parse->targetList,
+							  EXPRKIND_TARGET);
+
+	preprocess_qual_conditions(root, (Node *) parse->jointree);
+	
+
+	/*
+	*	we need a flat qual for explaining
+	*/	
+	actplan->flattenedqual = (List *)flatten_join_alias_vars(root, parse->jointree->quals);
+	
+	/*copy the cost from the top_plan*/
+	actplan->plan.startup_cost = top_plan->startup_cost;
+	actplan->plan.total_cost = top_plan->total_cost;
+	actplan->plan.plan_rows = top_plan->plan_rows;
+	actplan->plan.plan_width = top_plan->plan_width;
+	
+	/*
+	*	prepare the result 
+	*/
+	if(parse->targetList)
+		actplan->plan.targetlist = preprocess_targetlist(root,parse->targetList);
+
+	actplan->plan.qual = (List *)parse->jointree->quals;
+	push_up_merge_action_vars(actplan, parse);
+
+	if (parse->returningList)
+	{
+		List	   *rlist;
+
+		Assert(parse->resultRelation);
+		rlist = set_returning_clause_references(root->glob,
+												parse->returningList,
+												&actplan->plan,
+											  parse->resultRelation);
+		returningLists = list_make1(rlist);
+	}
+	else
+		returningLists = NIL;
+
+
+	if (parse->rowMarks)
+		rowMarks = NIL;
+	else
+		rowMarks = root->rowMarks;
+	
+	
+	result = make_modifytable(parse->commandType,
+										   list_make1_int(parse->resultRelation),
+											 list_make1(actplan),
+											 returningLists,
+											 rowMarks,
+											 SS_assign_special_param(root));
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 /*
  * preprocess_expression
  *		Do subquery_planner's preprocessing work for an expression,
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c
index 59d3518..b4514b8 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c
@@ -78,13 +78,23 @@ preprocess_targetlist(PlannerInfo *root, List *tlist)
 								  result_relation, range_table);
 
 	/*
-	 * for "update" and "delete" queries, add ctid of the result relation into
-	 * the target list so that the ctid will propagate through execution and
-	 * ExecutePlan() will be able to identify the right tuple to replace or
-	 * delete.	This extra field is marked "junk" so that it is not stored
+	 * for "update" , "delete"  and "merge" queries, add ctid of the result 
+	 * relation into the target list so that the ctid will propagate through 
+	 * execution and ExecutePlan() will be able to identify the right tuple
+	 * to replace or delete.	
+	 * This extra field is marked "junk" so that it is not stored
 	 * back into the tuple.
+	 *  
+	 * BUT, if the query node is a merge action, 
+	 * we don't need to expend the ctid attribute in tlist.
+	 * The tlist of the merge top level plan already contains 
+	 * a "ctid" junk attr of the target relation.
 	 */
-	if (command_type == CMD_UPDATE || command_type == CMD_DELETE)
+	 
+	if(!parse->isMergeAction  &&  
+			(command_type == CMD_UPDATE || 
+			command_type == CMD_DELETE || 
+			command_type == CMD_MERGE))
 	{
 		TargetEntry *tle;
 		Var		   *var;
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/var.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/var.c
index 92c2208..ffff863 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/util/var.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/util/var.c
@@ -67,6 +67,16 @@ typedef struct
 	bool		inserted_sublink;		/* have we inserted a SubLink? */
 } flatten_join_alias_vars_context;
 
+typedef struct
+{
+	int varno_source;
+	int varno_target;
+	int varno_join;
+
+	int offset_source;
+	int offset_target;
+} push_up_merge_action_vars_context;
+
 static bool pull_varnos_walker(Node *node,
 				   pull_varnos_context *context);
 static bool pull_varattnos_walker(Node *node, Bitmapset **varattnos);
@@ -83,6 +93,8 @@ static bool pull_var_clause_walker(Node *node,
 static Node *flatten_join_alias_vars_mutator(Node *node,
 								flatten_join_alias_vars_context *context);
 static Relids alias_relid_set(PlannerInfo *root, Relids relids);
+static bool push_up_merge_action_vars_walker(Node *node, 
+								push_up_merge_action_vars_context *context);
 
 
 /*
@@ -677,6 +689,91 @@ pull_var_clause_walker(Node *node, pull_var_clause_context *context)
 								  (void *) context);
 }
 
+/*
+*	When prepare for the MERGE command, we have made a 
+*	left join between the Source table and target table as the 
+*	main plan. 
+*	
+*	In this case, the range table contains ONLY THREE range table entries: 
+*	1. the source table, which may be a subquery or a plain table
+*	2. the entry of the targe table, which is a plain table
+*	3. join expression with the sourse table and target table as its parameters.
+*
+*	Each merge action of the command has its own query and
+*	plan nodes as well. And, the vars in its target list and qual 
+*	expressions may refers to the attribute in any one of the above 3 
+* 	range table entries.
+*	
+*	However, since the result tuple slots of merge actions are 
+*	projected from the returned tuple of the join, we need to 
+*	mapping the vars of source table and target table to their 
+*	corresponding attributes in the third range table entry. 
+*
+*	This function does the opposit of the flatten_join_alias_vars() 
+*	function. It walks through the 	target list and qual of a 
+*	MergeAction plan, changes the vars' varno and varattno to the 
+*	corresponding position in the upper level join RTE.
+*/
+void 
+push_up_merge_action_vars(MergeAction *actplan, Query *actqry)
+{
+	push_up_merge_action_vars_context context;
+	RangeTblEntry *source_rte = rt_fetch(1,actqry->rtable);
+
+
+	/*
+	* 	We are supposed to do a  more careful assingment 
+	*	of the values in context
+	*	But lets take a shortcut for simple.
+	*/
+	context.varno_source = 1;
+	context.varno_target = 2;
+	context.varno_join = 3;
+
+	context.offset_source = 0;
+
+	
+	context.offset_target = list_length(source_rte->eref->colnames);
+
+	push_up_merge_action_vars_walker((Node *)actplan->plan.targetlist, &context);
+	
+	push_up_merge_action_vars_walker((Node *)actplan->plan.qual, &context);
+	
+}
+
+static bool
+push_up_merge_action_vars_walker(Node *node, 
+									push_up_merge_action_vars_context *context)
+{
+	if (node == NULL)
+		return false;
+	if (IsA(node, Var))
+	{
+		Var *var = (Var *)node;
+
+		if(var->varno == context->varno_source)
+		{
+			var->varno = context->varno_join;
+			var->varattno += context->offset_source;
+			return false;
+		}
+		else if(var->varno == context->varno_target)
+		{
+			var->varno = context->varno_join;
+			var->varattno += context->offset_target;
+			return false;
+		}
+		else if(var->varno == context->varno_join)
+			return false;
+		else
+			elog(ERROR, "the vars in merge action tlist of qual should only belongs to the source table or targe table");
+		
+		
+	}
+	
+	return expression_tree_walker(node, push_up_merge_action_vars_walker,
+								  (void *) context);
+}
 
 /*
  * flatten_join_alias_vars
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/analyze.c b/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
index 6b99a10..2bc4b84 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static Query *transformDeleteStmt(ParseState *pstate, DeleteStmt *stmt);
 static Query *transformInsertStmt(ParseState *pstate, InsertStmt *stmt);
 static List *transformInsertRow(ParseState *pstate, List *exprlist,
 				   List *stmtcols, List *icolumns, List *attrnos);
+static Query *transformMergeStmt(ParseState *pstate, MergeStmt *stmt);
 static Query *transformSelectStmt(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt);
 static Query *transformValuesClause(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt);
 static Query *transformSetOperationStmt(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt);
@@ -164,17 +165,24 @@ transformStmt(ParseState *pstate, Node *parseTree)
 			 * Optimizable statements
 			 */
 		case T_InsertStmt:
+		case T_MergeInsert:
 			result = transformInsertStmt(pstate, (InsertStmt *) parseTree);
 			break;
 
 		case T_DeleteStmt:
+		case T_MergeDelete:
 			result = transformDeleteStmt(pstate, (DeleteStmt *) parseTree);
 			break;
 
 		case T_UpdateStmt:
+		case T_MergeUpdate:
 			result = transformUpdateStmt(pstate, (UpdateStmt *) parseTree);
 			break;
 
+		case T_MergeStmt:
+			result = transformMergeStmt(pstate, (MergeStmt *)parseTree);
+			break; 
+
 		case T_SelectStmt:
 			{
 				SelectStmt *n = (SelectStmt *) parseTree;
@@ -245,6 +253,7 @@ analyze_requires_snapshot(Node *parseTree)
 		case T_DeleteStmt:
 		case T_UpdateStmt:
 		case T_SelectStmt:
+		case T_MergeStmt:
 			result = true;
 			break;
 
@@ -282,22 +291,28 @@ transformDeleteStmt(ParseState *pstate, DeleteStmt *stmt)
 
 	qry->commandType = CMD_DELETE;
 
-	/* set up range table with just the result rel */
-	qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
-								  interpretInhOption(stmt->relation->inhOpt),
-										 true,
-										 ACL_DELETE);
-
 	qry->distinctClause = NIL;
 
 	/*
-	 * The USING clause is non-standard SQL syntax, and is equivalent in
-	 * functionality to the FROM list that can be specified for UPDATE. The
-	 * USING keyword is used rather than FROM because FROM is already a
-	 * keyword in the DELETE syntax.
-	 */
-	transformFromClause(pstate, stmt->usingClause);
-
+	* The input stmt could be a MergeDelete node. 
+	* In this case, we don't need the process on range table.
+	*/
+	if(IsA(stmt, DeleteStmt))
+	{
+		/* set up range table with just the result rel */
+		qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
+									  interpretInhOption(stmt->relation->inhOpt),
+											 true,
+											 ACL_DELETE);
+		/*
+		 * The USING clause is non-standard SQL syntax, and is equivalent in
+		 * functionality to the FROM list that can be specified for UPDATE. The
+		 * USING keyword is used rather than FROM because FROM is already a
+		 * keyword in the DELETE syntax.
+		 */
+		transformFromClause(pstate, stmt->usingClause);
+	}
+	
 	qual = transformWhereClause(pstate, stmt->whereClause, "WHERE");
 
 	qry->returningList = transformReturningList(pstate, stmt->returningList);
@@ -347,6 +362,8 @@ transformInsertStmt(ParseState *pstate, InsertStmt *stmt)
 	 * VALUES list, or general SELECT input.  We special-case VALUES, both for
 	 * efficiency and so we can handle DEFAULT specifications.
 	 */
+
+	/*a MergeInsert statment is always a VALUE clause*/
 	isGeneralSelect = (selectStmt && selectStmt->valuesLists == NIL);
 
 	/*
@@ -382,7 +399,8 @@ transformInsertStmt(ParseState *pstate, InsertStmt *stmt)
 	 * mentioned in the SELECT part.  Note that the target table is not added
 	 * to the joinlist or namespace.
 	 */
-	qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
+	if(IsA(stmt,InsertStmt))/*for MergeInsert, no need to do this*/ 
+		qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
 										 false, false, ACL_INSERT);
 
 	/* Validate stmt->cols list, or build default list if no list given */
@@ -1730,16 +1748,19 @@ transformUpdateStmt(ParseState *pstate, UpdateStmt *stmt)
 	qry->commandType = CMD_UPDATE;
 	pstate->p_is_update = true;
 
-	qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
-								  interpretInhOption(stmt->relation->inhOpt),
-										 true,
-										 ACL_UPDATE);
+	if(IsA(stmt, UpdateStmt))/*for MergeUpdate, no need to do this*/
+	{
+		qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
+									  interpretInhOption(stmt->relation->inhOpt),
+											 true,
+											 ACL_UPDATE);
 
-	/*
-	 * the FROM clause is non-standard SQL syntax. We used to be able to do
-	 * this with REPLACE in POSTQUEL so we keep the feature.
-	 */
-	transformFromClause(pstate, stmt->fromClause);
+		/*
+		 * the FROM clause is non-standard SQL syntax. We used to be able to do
+		 * this with REPLACE in POSTQUEL so we keep the feature.
+		 */
+		transformFromClause(pstate, stmt->fromClause);
+	}
 
 	qry->targetList = transformTargetList(pstate, stmt->targetList);
 
@@ -2241,3 +2262,389 @@ applyLockingClause(Query *qry, Index rtindex,
 	rc->pushedDown = pushedDown;
 	qry->rowMarks = lappend(qry->rowMarks, rc);
 }
+
+/*
+transform an action of merge command into a query. 
+No change of the pstate range table is allowed in this function. 
+*/
+static Query *
+transformMergeActions(ParseState *pstate, MergeStmt *stmt, MergeConditionAction *condact)
+{
+	Query *actqry;
+
+	/*
+	*	firstly, we need to make sure that DELETE and UPDATE 
+	*	actions are only taken in MATCHED condition, 
+	*	and INSERTs are only takend when not MATCHED
+	*/
+
+	switch(condact->action->type)
+	{
+		case T_MergeDelete:/*a delete action*/
+			{
+				MergeDelete *deleteact = (MergeDelete *)(condact->action);
+				Assert(IsA(deleteact,MergeDelete));
+				
+				if(!condact->match) 
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+		 				errmsg("The DELETE action in MERGE command is not allowed when NOT MATCHED")));
+
+				/*put new right code to the result relaion. 
+				This line chages the RTE in range table directly*/
+				pstate->p_target_rangetblentry->requiredPerms |= ACL_DELETE;
+					
+				deleteact->relation = stmt->relation;
+				deleteact->usingClause = stmt->source;
+				deleteact->whereClause = condact->condition;;
+
+				/*parse the action query*/
+				actqry = transformStmt(pstate, (Node *)deleteact);
+
+				if(!IsA(actqry, Query) || 
+					actqry->commandType != CMD_DELETE || 
+					actqry->utilityStmt != NULL)
+					elog(ERROR, "improper DELETE action in merge stmt");
+
+				actqry->isMergeAction = true;
+				actqry->matched = condact->match;
+				
+				return actqry;
+			}
+			break;
+		case T_MergeUpdate:/*an update action*/
+			{				
+				MergeUpdate *updateact = (MergeUpdate *)(condact->action);
+				Assert(IsA(updateact,MergeUpdate));
+
+				
+				if(!condact->match) 
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+		 					errmsg("The UPDATE action in MERGE command is not allowed when NOT MATCHED")));
+				
+				pstate->p_target_rangetblentry->requiredPerms |= ACL_UPDATE;
+				
+
+				/*the "targetlist" of the updateact is filled in the parser */
+				updateact->relation = stmt->relation;
+				updateact->fromClause = stmt->source;
+				updateact->whereClause = condact->condition;
+
+				/*parse the action query*/
+				actqry = transformStmt(pstate, (Node *)updateact);
+
+				if(!IsA(actqry, Query) || 
+					actqry->commandType != CMD_UPDATE|| 
+					actqry->utilityStmt != NULL)
+					elog(ERROR, "improper UPDATE action in merge stmt");
+
+				actqry->isMergeAction = true;
+				actqry->matched = condact->match;
+				
+				return actqry;
+			}
+			break;
+		case T_MergeInsert:/*an insert action*/
+			{			
+				MergeInsert *insertact = (MergeInsert *)(condact->action);		
+				Assert(IsA(insertact,MergeInsert));
+
+				if(condact->match) 
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+		 					errmsg("The INSERT action in MERGE command is not allowed when MATCHED")));
+
+
+				pstate->p_target_rangetblentry->requiredPerms |= ACL_INSERT;	
+
+				/*the "cols" and "selectStmt" of the insertact is filled in the parser */
+				insertact->relation = stmt->relation;
+
+				/*
+				the merge insert action has a strange feature. 
+				In an ordinary INSERT, the VALUES list can only 
+				contains constants and DEFAULT. (am I right??)
+				But in the INSERT action of MERGE command, 
+				the VALUES list can have expressions with 
+				variables(attributes of the targe and source tables).
+				Besides, in the ordinary INSERT, a VALUES list can 
+				never be followed by a WHERE clause. 
+				But in MERGE INSERT action, there are matching conditions. 
+
+				Thus, the output qry of this function is an INSERT 
+				query in the style of "INSERT...VALUES...", 
+				except that we have other range tables and a WHERE clause.
+				Note that it is also different from the "INSERT ... SELECT..." 
+				query, in which the whole SELECT is a subquery. 
+				(We don't have subquery here).
+
+				We construct this novel query structure in order 
+				to keep consitency with other merge action types 
+				(DELETE, UPDATE). In this way, all the merge action 
+				queries are in fact share the very same Range Table, 
+				They only differs in their target lists and join trees
+				*/
+		
+				
+				/*parse the action query, this will call 
+				transformInsertStmt() which analyzes the VALUES list.*/
+				actqry = transformStmt(pstate, (Node *)insertact);
+
+				/*do the WHERE clause here, Since the 
+				transformInsertStmt() function only analyzes 
+				the VALUES list but not the WHERE clause*/
+				actqry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, 
+											transformWhereClause(pstate,
+															condact->condition, 
+															"WHERE"));
+
+				if(!IsA(actqry, Query) || 
+					actqry->commandType != CMD_INSERT|| 
+					actqry->utilityStmt != NULL)
+					elog(ERROR, "improper INSERT action in merge stmt");
+
+				actqry->isMergeAction = true;
+				actqry->matched = condact->match;
+
+				return actqry;
+			}
+			break;
+		case T_MergeDoNothing:
+			{
+				MergeDoNothing *nothingact = (MergeDoNothing *)(condact->action);		
+
+				Assert(IsA(nothingact,MergeDoNothing));
+				
+				actqry = makeNode(Query);
+
+				actqry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, 
+											transformWhereClause(pstate,
+															condact->condition, 
+															"WHERE"));
+
+				actqry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
+				
+				actqry->commandType = CMD_DONOTHING;
+				actqry->isMergeAction = true;				
+				actqry->matched = condact->match;
+
+				return actqry;
+			}
+			break;
+		case T_MergeError:
+			{
+				MergeError *erract = (MergeError *)(condact->action);		
+				Assert(IsA(erract,MergeError));
+				
+				actqry = makeNode(Query);
+
+				actqry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, 
+											transformWhereClause(pstate,
+															condact->condition, 
+															"WHERE"));
+
+				actqry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
+				
+				actqry->commandType = CMD_RAISEERR;
+				actqry->isMergeAction = true;
+				actqry->matched = condact->match;
+
+				return actqry;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unknown MERGE action type %d", condact->action->type);
+			break;
+
+	}
+	
+	/*never comes here*/
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static Query *
+transformMergeStmt(ParseState *pstate, MergeStmt *stmt)
+{
+	Query	   *qry; 
+
+	ColumnRef *starRef;
+	ResTarget *starResTarget;
+	ListCell *act;
+	ListCell *l;
+	JoinExpr *joinexp;
+	int 	rtindex;
+
+	/*The source list has only one element*/
+	if(list_length(stmt->source) != 1) 
+		ereport(ERROR,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+			 errmsg("now we only accept merge command with only ONE source table")));
+		
+	/*now, do the real tranformation of the merge command. */
+	qry = makeNode(Query);
+	qry->commandType = CMD_MERGE;
+
+	/*
+	What we are doing here is to create a query like 
+	"SELECT * FROM <source_rel> LEFT JOIN <target_rel> ON <match_condition>;"
+
+	Note:	
+	1. we set the "match condition" as the join qualification. 
+	The left join will scan both the matched and non-matched tuples.
+
+	2. a normal SELECT query has no "target relation". 
+	But here we need to set the targe relation in query, 
+	like the UPDATE/DELETE/INSERT queries. 
+	So this is a left join SELECT with a "target table" in its range table. 
+
+	3. We don't have a specific ACL level for Merge, here we just use 
+	ACL_SELECT. 
+	But we will add other ACL levels when handle each merge actions.  
+	*/
+
+
+	/*before analyze the FROM clause, we need to set the target table. 
+	We cannot call setTargetTable() function directly. 
+	We only need the lock target relation, without adding it to Range table. 
+	*/
+	setTargetTableLock(pstate, stmt->relation);
+		
+	/*create the FROM clause. Make the join expression first*/
+	joinexp = makeNode(JoinExpr);
+	joinexp->jointype = JOIN_LEFT;
+	joinexp->isNatural = FALSE;
+	/*source list has only one element*/
+	joinexp->larg = linitial(stmt->source);
+	joinexp->rarg = (Node *)stmt->relation;
+	/*match condtion*/
+	joinexp->quals = stmt->matchCondition; 
+
+	/*transform the FROM clause. The target relation and
+	source relation will be add to Rtable here.	*/
+	transformFromClause(pstate, list_make1(joinexp));
+
+	/*the targetList of the main query is "*"	 */
+	starRef = makeNode(ColumnRef);	
+	starRef->fields = list_make1(makeNode(A_Star));					
+	starRef->location = 1;					
+
+	starResTarget = makeNode(ResTarget);					
+	starResTarget->name = NULL;					
+	starResTarget->indirection = NIL;					
+	starResTarget->val = (Node *)starRef;					
+	starResTarget->location = 1;
+	
+	qry->targetList = transformTargetList(pstate, list_make1(starResTarget));
+
+	/*we don't need the WHERE clause here. Set it null. */
+	qry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, NULL);
+
+	/*now , we find out the RTE for the target relation,
+	and do some unfinished jobs*/
+	rtindex = 1;
+	foreach(l, pstate->p_rtable)
+	{
+		RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *)lfirst(l);
+		if(rte->relid == pstate->p_target_relation->rd_id) 
+		{
+			/*find the RTE*/
+			pstate->p_target_rangetblentry = rte;
+			rte->requiredPerms = ACL_SELECT;
+			rte->inh = false;
+			qry->resultRelation = rtindex;
+			break;
+		}
+		rtindex++;
+	}
+
+	if(pstate->p_target_rangetblentry == NULL)
+		elog(ERROR, "cannot find the RTE for target table");
+	
+
+	qry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
+
+	qry->hasSubLinks = pstate->p_hasSubLinks;
+
+	/*
+	 * Top-level aggregates are simply disallowed in MERGE
+	 */
+	if (pstate->p_hasAggs)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_GROUPING_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("cannot use aggregate function in top level of MERGE"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate,
+									locate_agg_of_level((Node *) qry, 0))));
+	if (pstate->p_hasWindowFuncs)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_WINDOWING_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("cannot use window function in MERGE"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate,
+									locate_windowfunc((Node *) qry))));
+
+#if 0
+	/*		
+		the main query is done. Ready for tansform actions.
+		
+		Firstly, we check the last action of the action list. 
+		If it is not a DO NOTING action, we need to generate 
+		an INSERT DEFAULT VALUES action and append it to action list. 
+	*/
+	lastaction = (MergeConditionAction *)llast(stmt->actions);
+
+	if(lastaction->action == NULL)
+	{
+		/*
+		we have a do nothing action here,
+		What we need to do is just delete it from action list
+		*/
+		stmt->actions = list_truncate(stmt->actions, 
+								list_length(stmt->actions) - 1);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		The last action is no the DO NOTHING action, 
+		we need to generate an INSERT action.
+		*/
+		lastaction = makeNode(MergeConditionAction);
+
+		lastaction->condition = NULL;
+		lastaction->match = NOT;
+		lastaction->action =  makeNode(MergeInsert);
+		
+		/*nothing need to be filled into the node*/
+		
+		stmt->actions = lappend(stmt->actions, lastaction);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*		
+		For each actions ,we transform it to a seperate query.
+		the action queries shares the exactly same 
+		range table with the main query. 
+
+		In other words, in the extra condtions of the sub actions, 
+		we don't allow involvement of new tables
+	*/	
+	qry->mergeActQry = NIL;
+
+	foreach(act,stmt->actions)
+	{
+		MergeConditionAction *mca = (MergeConditionAction *)lfirst(act);
+		Query *actqry;
+
+		/*transform the act (and its condition) as a single query. */
+		actqry = transformMergeActions(pstate, stmt, mca);
+
+		/*since we don't invoke setTargetTable() in transformMergeActions(), 
+		we need to set actqry->resultRelation here
+		*/
+		actqry->resultRelation = qry->resultRelation;
+
+		/*put it into the list*/
+		qry->mergeActQry = lappend(qry->mergeActQry, actqry);
+	}
+	
+	return qry;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index aab7789..ebe39d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -212,6 +212,10 @@ static TypeName *TableFuncTypeName(List *columns);
 		DropOwnedStmt ReassignOwnedStmt
 		AlterTSConfigurationStmt AlterTSDictionaryStmt
 
+%type <node>	MergeStmt  opt_and_condition  merge_condition_action   merge_action
+%type <boolean> opt_not	
+%type <list> 	merge_condition_action_list
+
 %type <node>	select_no_parens select_with_parens select_clause
 				simple_select values_clause
 
@@ -505,6 +509,8 @@ static TypeName *TableFuncTypeName(List *columns);
 
 	MAPPING MATCH MAXVALUE MINUTE_P MINVALUE MODE MONTH_P MOVE
 
+	MATCHED MERGE RAISE ERROR_P
+	
 	NAME_P NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NEXT NO NOCREATEDB
 	NOCREATEROLE NOCREATEUSER NOINHERIT NOLOGIN_P NONE NOSUPERUSER
 	NOT NOTHING NOTIFY NOTNULL NOWAIT NULL_P NULLIF NULLS_P NUMERIC
@@ -726,6 +732,7 @@ stmt :
 			| ListenStmt
 			| LoadStmt
 			| LockStmt
+			| MergeStmt 
 			| NotifyStmt
 			| PrepareStmt
 			| ReassignOwnedStmt
@@ -6986,6 +6993,7 @@ ExplainableStmt:
 			| InsertStmt
 			| UpdateStmt
 			| DeleteStmt
+			| MergeStmt
 			| DeclareCursorStmt
 			| CreateAsStmt
 			| ExecuteStmt					/* by default all are $$=$1 */
@@ -7331,6 +7339,114 @@ set_target_list:
 /*****************************************************************************
  *
  *		QUERY:
+ *				MERGE STATEMENT
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+
+MergeStmt: 
+			MERGE INTO relation_expr_opt_alias
+			USING  table_ref
+			ON a_expr
+			merge_condition_action_list
+				{
+					MergeStmt *m = makeNode(MergeStmt);
+
+					m->relation = $3;
+
+					/*although we have only one USING table, 
+					we still make it a list, maybe in future 
+					we will allow mutliple USING tables.*/
+					m->matchCondition = $7;
+					m->source = list_make1($5);  
+					m->actions = $8;
+
+					$$ = (Node *)m;
+				}
+				;
+	
+merge_condition_action_list: 
+							merge_condition_action 		
+								{ $$ = list_make1($1); }
+							| merge_condition_action_list merge_condition_action   
+								{ $$ = lappend($1,$2); }
+							;	
+
+merge_condition_action: 	
+							WHEN opt_not MATCHED opt_and_condition THEN merge_action
+								{
+									MergeConditionAction *m = makeNode(MergeConditionAction);
+
+									m->match = $2;
+									m->condition = $4;
+									m->action = $6;
+									
+									$$ = (Node *)m;
+								}
+							;
+
+
+opt_and_condition:	
+					AND a_expr 		{$$ = $2;}
+					| /*EMPTY*/ 		{$$ = NULL;}
+					;
+
+opt_not:	
+			NOT			{$$ = false;}
+			| /*EMPTY*/	{$$ = true;}
+			;
+
+merge_action: 	
+				DELETE_P	
+					{
+						$$ = (Node *)makeNode(MergeDelete);
+					}
+				| UPDATE SET set_clause_list 
+					{
+						UpdateStmt *n = makeNode(MergeUpdate);
+						n->targetList = $3;
+						$$ = (Node *)n;
+					}
+				| INSERT values_clause
+					{
+						InsertStmt *n = makeNode(MergeInsert);
+						n->cols = NIL;
+						n->selectStmt = $2;
+
+						$$ = (Node *)n;
+					}
+					
+				| INSERT '(' insert_column_list ')' values_clause
+					{
+						InsertStmt *n = makeNode(MergeInsert);
+						n->cols = $3;
+						n->selectStmt = $5;
+
+						$$ = (Node *)n;
+					}
+				| INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
+					{
+						InsertStmt *n = makeNode(MergeInsert);
+						n->cols = NIL;
+						n->selectStmt = NULL;
+
+						$$ = (Node *)n; 
+					}
+				| DO NOTHING
+					{
+						$$ = (Node *)makeNode(MergeDoNothing);
+					}
+				| RAISE ERROR_P
+					{
+						$$ = (Node *)makeNode(MergeError);
+					}
+				;	
+				
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ *		QUERY:
  *				CURSOR STATEMENTS
  *
  *****************************************************************************/
@@ -10952,6 +11068,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| ENCODING
 			| ENCRYPTED
 			| ENUM_P
+			| ERROR_P
 			| ESCAPE
 			| EXCLUDE
 			| EXCLUDING
@@ -11005,7 +11122,9 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| LOGIN_P
 			| MAPPING
 			| MATCH
+			| MATCHED
 			| MAXVALUE
+			| MERGE
 			| MINUTE_P
 			| MINVALUE
 			| MODE
@@ -11048,6 +11167,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| PROCEDURAL
 			| PROCEDURE
 			| QUOTE
+			| RAISE
 			| RANGE
 			| READ
 			| REASSIGN
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
index 16ca583..8f2ec6b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
@@ -214,6 +214,25 @@ setTargetTable(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation,
 	return rtindex;
 }
 
+void
+setTargetTableLock(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation)
+{
+	
+	/* Close old target; this could only happen for multi-action rules */
+	if (pstate->p_target_relation != NULL)
+		heap_close(pstate->p_target_relation, NoLock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Open target rel and grab suitable lock (which we will hold till end of
+	 * transaction).
+	 *
+	 * free_parsestate() will eventually do the corresponding heap_close(),
+	 * but *not* release the lock.
+	 */
+	pstate->p_target_relation = parserOpenTable(pstate, relation,
+												RowExclusiveLock);
+}
+
 /*
  * Simplify InhOption (yes/no/default) into boolean yes/no.
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c b/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c
index 25b44dd..3ee0428 100644
--- a/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c
+++ b/src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c
@@ -1836,6 +1836,41 @@ RewriteQuery(Query *parsetree, List *rewrite_events)
 	return rewritten;
 }
 
+/*if the merge action type has already been processed by rewriter*/
+#define insert_rewrite (1<<0) 
+#define delete_rewrite (1<<1) 
+#define update_rewrite (1<<2)
+
+/*if the merge action type is fully replace by rules.*/
+#define	insert_instead (1<<3) 
+#define delete_instead (1<<4)
+#define update_instead (1<<5)
+
+#define merge_action_already_rewrite(acttype, flag) \
+	((acttype == CMD_INSERT && (flag & insert_rewrite)) || \
+		(acttype == CMD_UPDATE && (flag & update_rewrite)) || \
+		(acttype == CMD_DELETE && (flag & delete_rewrite)))
+
+#define set_action_rewrite(acttype, flag)	\
+				if(acttype == CMD_INSERT)  \
+					{flag |= insert_rewrite;}\
+				else if(acttype == CMD_UPDATE)  \
+					{flag |= update_rewrite;}\
+				else if(acttype == CMD_DELETE)  \
+					{flag |= delete_rewrite;}
+				
+#define merge_action_instead(acttype, flag)		\
+			((acttype == CMD_INSERT && (flag & insert_instead)) || \
+				(acttype == CMD_UPDATE && (flag & update_instead)) || \
+				(acttype == CMD_DELETE && (flag & delete_instead)))
+
+#define set_action_instead(acttype, flag)\
+				if(acttype == CMD_INSERT)  \
+					{flag |= insert_instead;}\
+				else if(acttype == CMD_UPDATE)  \
+					{flag |= update_instead;}\
+				else if(acttype == CMD_DELETE)  \
+					{flag |= delete_instead;}
 
 /*
  * QueryRewrite -
@@ -1861,7 +1896,151 @@ QueryRewrite(Query *parsetree)
 	 *
 	 * Apply all non-SELECT rules possibly getting 0 or many queries
 	 */
-	querylist = RewriteQuery(parsetree, NIL);
+	if(parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
+	{
+		/*
+		*for merge query, we have a set of action queries (not subquery).
+		*each of these action queries should be applied to RewriteQuery(). 
+		*/
+		ListCell   *l;
+
+		int flag = 0;
+		
+		List *pre_qry = NIL;
+		List *post_qry = NIL;
+
+
+		querylist = NIL;
+		
+
+		/*rewrite the merge action queries one by one.*/
+		foreach(l, parsetree->mergeActQry)
+		{
+			List *queryList4action = NIL;
+			Query *actionqry;
+			Query *q;
+
+			
+			actionqry = lfirst(l);
+
+			/*
+			* no rewriting for DO NOTHING or ERROR
+			*/
+			if(actionqry->commandType == CMD_DONOTHING ||
+				actionqry->commandType == CMD_RAISEERR)
+				continue;
+			
+			
+			/*
+			*if this kind of actions are fully replaced by rules,
+			*we mark it as "replaced"
+			*/	
+			if(merge_action_instead(actionqry->commandType, flag))
+			{
+				/*	
+				*Still need to call RewriteQuery(), 
+				*since we need the process on target list and so on. 
+				*BUT, the returned list is discarded
+				*/
+				RewriteQuery(actionqry, NIL);
+				actionqry->replaced = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+
+			/*if this kind of actions are already processed by rewriter, skip it.*/
+			if(merge_action_already_rewrite(actionqry->commandType, flag))
+			{
+				RewriteQuery(actionqry, NIL);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*ok this action has not been processed before, let's do it now.*/
+			queryList4action = RewriteQuery(actionqry, NIL);
+
+			/*this kind of actions has been processed, set the flag*/
+			set_action_rewrite(actionqry->commandType,flag); 
+
+			/*if the returning list is nil, this merge action
+			is replaced by a do-nothing rule*/
+			if(queryList4action == NIL) 
+			{
+				/*set the flag for other merge actions of the same type*/
+				set_action_instead(actionqry->commandType, flag);
+				actionqry->replaced = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			
+			/*
+			* if the rewriter return a non-NIL list, the merge action query 
+			*could be one element in it. 
+			*if so, it must be the head (for INSERT acton) 
+			*or tail (for UPDATE/DELETE action).
+			*/
+
+			/*test the list head*/
+			q = (Query *)linitial(queryList4action);
+			if(q->querySource == QSRC_ORIGINAL)
+			{
+				/*
+				*the merge action is the head, the remaining part 
+				*of the list are the queries generated by rules
+				*we put them in the post_qry list. 
+				*/
+				if(querylist == NIL)
+					querylist = list_make1(parsetree);
+
+
+				queryList4action = list_delete_first(queryList4action);
+				post_qry = list_concat(post_qry,queryList4action);
+				
+				continue;
+
+			}
+			
+			/*test the list tail*/
+			q = (Query *)llast(queryList4action);
+			if(q->querySource == QSRC_ORIGINAL)
+			{
+				/*the merge action is the tail. 
+				Put the rule queries in pre_qry list*/
+				if(querylist == NIL)
+					querylist = list_make1(parsetree);
+					
+				queryList4action = list_truncate(queryList4action,list_length(queryList4action)-1);
+
+				pre_qry = list_concat(pre_qry,queryList4action);
+				continue;
+
+			}	
+				
+			/*here, the merge action query is not in the rewriten query list, 
+			*which means the action is replaced by INSTEAD rule(s). 
+			*We need to mark it as "replaced".  
+
+			For a INSERT action, we put the rule queries in the post list
+			otherwise, in the pre list
+			*/
+			if(actionqry->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
+				post_qry = list_concat(post_qry,queryList4action);
+			else
+				pre_qry = list_concat(pre_qry,queryList4action);
+			
+			set_action_instead(actionqry->commandType, flag);
+			actionqry->replaced = true;
+		}				
+
+		/*finally, put the 3 lists into one. 
+		*If all the merge actions are replaced by rules, 
+		*the original merge query 
+		*will not be involved in the querylist.
+		*/
+		querylist = list_concat(pre_qry,querylist);
+		querylist = list_concat(querylist, post_qry);
+			
+	}
+	else
+		querylist = RewriteQuery(parsetree, NIL);
 
 	/*
 	 * Step 2
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c b/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c
index 8ad4915..0dc3117 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c
@@ -225,6 +225,10 @@ ProcessQuery(PlannedStmt *plan,
 				snprintf(completionTag, COMPLETION_TAG_BUFSIZE,
 						 "DELETE %u", queryDesc->estate->es_processed);
 				break;
+			case CMD_MERGE:
+				snprintf(completionTag, COMPLETION_TAG_BUFSIZE,
+						 "MERGE %u", queryDesc->estate->es_processed);
+				break;
 			default:
 				strcpy(completionTag, "???");
 				break;
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
index 1815539..e0dc7c3 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ CommandIsReadOnly(Node *parsetree)
 			case CMD_UPDATE:
 			case CMD_INSERT:
 			case CMD_DELETE:
+			case CMD_MERGE:
 				return false;
 			default:
 				elog(WARNING, "unrecognized commandType: %d",
@@ -1405,6 +1406,10 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
 			tag = "SELECT";
 			break;
 
+		case T_MergeStmt:
+			tag = "MERGE";
+			break;
+		
 			/* utility statements --- same whether raw or cooked */
 		case T_TransactionStmt:
 			{
@@ -2242,6 +2247,7 @@ GetCommandLogLevel(Node *parsetree)
 		case T_InsertStmt:
 		case T_DeleteStmt:
 		case T_UpdateStmt:
+		case T_MergeStmt:
 			lev = LOGSTMT_MOD;
 			break;
 
diff --git a/src/include/commands/trigger.h b/src/include/commands/trigger.h
index 267a08e..51d0f11 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/trigger.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/trigger.h
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ extern void ExecBSTruncateTriggers(EState *estate,
 					   ResultRelInfo *relinfo);
 extern void ExecASTruncateTriggers(EState *estate,
 					   ResultRelInfo *relinfo);
+extern void ExecBSMergeTriggers(ModifyTableState *mt_state);
+extern void ExecASMergeTriggers(ModifyTableState *mt_state);
 
 extern void AfterTriggerBeginXact(void);
 extern void AfterTriggerBeginQuery(void);
diff --git a/src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h b/src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h
index 67ba3e8..422e3ce 100644
--- a/src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h
+++ b/src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "nodes/execnodes.h"
 
 extern ModifyTableState *ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate, int eflags);
+extern MergeActionState *ExecInitMergeAction(MergeAction *node, EState *estate, int eflags);
 extern TupleTableSlot *ExecModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node);
 extern void ExecEndModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node);
 extern void ExecReScanModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node);
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index 7442d2d..64e20bb 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -1032,9 +1032,22 @@ typedef struct ModifyTableState
 	int			mt_whichplan;	/* which one is being executed (0..n-1) */
 	EPQState	mt_epqstate;	/* for evaluating EvalPlanQual rechecks */
 	bool		fireBSTriggers; /* do we need to fire stmt triggers? */
+	List 		*mergeActPstates; /*the list of the planstate of meger command actions. 
+									NIL if this is not a merge command.
+									The elements if it are still ModifyTableState nodes*/
 } ModifyTableState;
 
 /* ----------------
+ *	 MergeActionState information
+ * ----------------
+ */
+typedef struct MergeActionState
+{
+	PlanState	ps;				/* its first field is NodeTag */
+	CmdType		operation;	
+} MergeActionState;
+
+/* ----------------
  *	 AppendState information
  *
  *		nplans			how many plans are in the array
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
index a5f5df5..a840349 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
 	T_Plan = 100,
 	T_Result,
 	T_ModifyTable,
+	T_MergeAction,
 	T_Append,
 	T_RecursiveUnion,
 	T_BitmapAnd,
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
 	T_PlanState = 200,
 	T_ResultState,
 	T_ModifyTableState,
+	T_MergeActionState,
 	T_AppendState,
 	T_RecursiveUnionState,
 	T_BitmapAndState,
@@ -347,6 +349,13 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
 	T_AlterUserMappingStmt,
 	T_DropUserMappingStmt,
 	T_AlterTableSpaceOptionsStmt,
+	T_MergeStmt,
+	T_MergeConditionAction,
+	T_MergeUpdate, 
+	T_MergeDelete,	
+	T_MergeInsert,
+	T_MergeDoNothing,
+	T_MergeError,
 
 	/*
 	 * TAGS FOR PARSE TREE NODES (parsenodes.h)
@@ -511,6 +520,9 @@ typedef enum CmdType
 	CMD_UPDATE,					/* update stmt */
 	CMD_INSERT,					/* insert stmt */
 	CMD_DELETE,
+	CMD_MERGE,						/*merge stmt*/
+	CMD_DONOTHING,
+	CMD_RAISEERR,
 	CMD_UTILITY,				/* cmds like create, destroy, copy, vacuum,
 								 * etc. */
 	CMD_NOTHING					/* dummy command for instead nothing rules
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index d31cf6c..ef5520f 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -149,6 +149,13 @@ typedef struct Query
 
 	List	   *constraintDeps;	/* a list of pg_constraint OIDs that the query
 								 * depends on to be semantically valid */
+
+	/*the fileds for MERGE command*/
+	bool	isMergeAction; /*if this query is a merge action. */
+	bool	matched; /*this is a MATCHED action or NOT*/	
+	bool	replaced; /*is this merge action replaced by rules*/
+	List 	*mergeActQry; /* the list of all the merge actions. 
+								* used only for merge query statment*/
 } Query;
 
 
@@ -993,6 +1000,58 @@ typedef struct SelectStmt
 	/* Eventually add fields for CORRESPONDING spec here */
 } SelectStmt;
 
+/*The structure for MERGE command statement*/
+typedef struct MergeStmt
+{
+	NodeTag		type;
+	RangeVar   	*relation;		/*targe relation for merge */
+
+	/* source relations for the merge. 
+	*Currently, we only allwo single-source merge, 
+	*so the length of this list should always be 1 
+	*/
+	List		*source;		
+	Node	   	*matchCondition;	/* qualifications of the merge*/
+
+	/*list  of MergeConditionAction structure. 
+	*It stores all the matched / not-matched 
+	*conditions and the corresponding actions
+	*The elments of this list are MergeConditionAction 
+	*nodes
+	*/
+	List	   	*actions;		
+
+}MergeStmt;
+
+/*	the structure for the actions of MERGE command. 
+*	Holds info of the clauses like 
+*	"WHEN MATCHED AND ... THEN UPDATE/DELETE/INSERT"
+*/
+typedef struct MergeConditionAction
+{
+	NodeTag		type;
+	bool 		match; /*match or not match*/
+	Node		*condition;/*the AND condition for this action*/
+	Node 		*action; /*the actions: delete , insert or update*/
+}MergeConditionAction;
+
+/*
+*	The merge action nodes are in fact the 
+*	ordinary nodes of UPDATE,DELETE and INSERT
+*/
+typedef UpdateStmt MergeUpdate;
+typedef DeleteStmt MergeDelete;
+typedef InsertStmt MergeInsert;
+
+typedef struct MergeDoNothing
+{
+	NodeTag 	type;
+}MergeDoNothing;
+
+typedef struct MergeError
+{
+	NodeTag 	type;
+}MergeError;
 
 /* ----------------------
  *		Set Operation node for post-analysis query trees
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
index 037bc0b..a020051 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
@@ -169,9 +169,25 @@ typedef struct ModifyTable
 	List	   *returningLists; /* per-target-table RETURNING tlists */
 	List	   *rowMarks;		/* PlanRowMarks (non-locking only) */
 	int			epqParam;		/* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
+	List 		*mergeActPlan;	/*the plans for merge actions, 
+								which are also ModifyTable nodes*/
 } ModifyTable;
 
 /* ----------------
+ *	 MergeAction node -
+ *		The plan node for the actions of MERGE command
+ * ----------------
+ */
+typedef struct MergeAction
+{
+	Plan plan;
+	bool 	replaced; /*if this action is replaced by INSTEAD rules*/
+	CmdType	operation;/* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
+	bool 	matched; 
+	List *flattenedqual; /*the flattened qual expression of action*/
+}MergeAction;
+
+/* ----------------
  *	 Append node -
  *		Generate the concatenation of the results of sub-plans.
  * ----------------
diff --git a/src/include/optimizer/var.h b/src/include/optimizer/var.h
index b0e04a0..4d6c9e8 100644
--- a/src/include/optimizer/var.h
+++ b/src/include/optimizer/var.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #define VAR_H
 
 #include "nodes/relation.h"
+#include "nodes/plannodes.h"
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -32,5 +33,5 @@ extern int	locate_var_of_relation(Node *node, int relid, int levelsup);
 extern int	find_minimum_var_level(Node *node);
 extern List *pull_var_clause(Node *node, PVCPlaceHolderBehavior behavior);
 extern Node *flatten_join_alias_vars(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node);
-
+extern void push_up_merge_action_vars(MergeAction * actplan,Query * actqry);
 #endif   /* VAR_H */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 974bb7a..208c3e4 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("encrypted", ENCRYPTED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("end", END_P, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("enum", ENUM_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("error", ERROR_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("escape", ESCAPE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("except", EXCEPT, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("exclude", EXCLUDE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
@@ -229,7 +230,9 @@ PG_KEYWORD("lock", LOCK_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("login", LOGIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("mapping", MAPPING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("match", MATCH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("matched", MATCHED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("maxvalue", MAXVALUE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("merge", MERGE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("minute", MINUTE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("minvalue", MINVALUE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("mode", MODE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("privileges", PRIVILEGES, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("procedural", PROCEDURAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("procedure", PROCEDURE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("quote", QUOTE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("raise", RAISE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("range", RANGE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("read", READ, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("real", REAL, COL_NAME_KEYWORD)
diff --git a/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h b/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
index f3d3ee9..b54f530 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 extern void transformFromClause(ParseState *pstate, List *frmList);
 extern int setTargetTable(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation,
 			   bool inh, bool alsoSource, AclMode requiredPerms);
+extern void setTargetTableLock(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation);
 extern bool interpretInhOption(InhOption inhOpt);
 extern bool interpretOidsOption(List *defList);
 
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out b/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e30194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+CREATE TABLE target (id integer, balance integer);
+CREATE TABLE source (id integer, balance integer);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 10);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (2, 20);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (3, 30);
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      20
+  3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- initial tests
+--
+-- empty source means 0 rows touched
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;
+-- insert some source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 20);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  2 |       5
+  3 |      20
+  4 |      40
+(3 rows)
+
+-- do a simple equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ROLLBACK;
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      20
+  3 |      30
+  4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- now the classic UPSERT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      25
+  3 |      50
+  4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Non-standard functionality
+-- 
+-- do a simple equivalent of a DELETE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- now the classic UPSERT, with a DELETE
+-- the Standard doesn't allow the DELETE clause for some reason,
+-- though other implementations do
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  3 |      50
+  4 |      40
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Prepare the test data to generate multiple matching rows for a single target
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY id, balance;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  2 |       5
+  3 |       5
+  3 |      20
+  4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+-- we now have a duplicate key in source, so when we join to
+-- target we will generate 2 matching rows, not one.
+-- According to standard this command should fail.  
+-- But it suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation by simply ignoring the second
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Now lets prepare the test data to generate 2 non-matching rows
+DELETE FROM source WHERE id = 3 AND balance = 5;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  2 |       5
+  3 |      20
+  4 |      40
+  4 |       5
+(4 rows)
+
+-- This next SQL statement
+--  suceeds according to standard (yes, it is inconsistent)
+--  suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation, though could easily fail if
+--  there was an appropriate unique constraint
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      20
+  3 |      30
+  4 |      40
+  4 |       5
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- This next SQL statement works, but since there is no WHEN clause that
+-- applies to non-matching rows, SQL standard requires us to generate
+-- rows with DEFAULT VALUES for all columns, which is why we support the
+-- syntax DO NOTHING (similar to the way Rules work) in addition
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      20
+  3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- This next SQL statement suceeds, but does nothing since there are
+-- only non-matching rows that do not activate a WHEN clause, so we
+-- provide syntax to just ignore them, rather than allowing data quality
+-- problems
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING
+;
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+NOTICE:  one tuple is ERROR
+SELECT * FROM target;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |      10
+  2 |      20
+  3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Weirdness
+--
+-- MERGE statement containing WHEN clauses that are never executable
+-- NOT an error under the standard
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 0 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN /* never executed because of order of WHEN clauses */
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance + 10)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN /* never executed because of order of WHEN clauses */
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 191d1fe..2551b2a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ test: select_views portals_p2 foreign_key cluster dependency guc bitmapops combo
 # NB: temp.sql does a reconnect which transiently uses 2 connections,
 # so keep this parallel group to at most 19 tests
 # ----------
-test: plancache limit plpgsql copy2 temp domain rangefuncs prepare without_oid conversion truncate alter_table sequence polymorphism rowtypes returning largeobject with xml
+test: plancache limit plpgsql copy2 temp domain rangefuncs prepare without_oid conversion truncate alter_table sequence polymorphism rowtypes returning largeobject with xml merge
 
 # run stats by itself because its delay may be insufficient under heavy load
 test: stats
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 80a9881..e7d7fae 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -123,4 +123,5 @@ test: returning
 test: largeobject
 test: with
 test: xml
+test: merge
 test: stats
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..522868a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+CREATE TABLE target (id integer, balance integer);
+CREATE TABLE source (id integer, balance integer);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 10);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (2, 20);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (3, 30);
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+--
+-- initial tests
+--
+-- empty source means 0 rows touched
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;
+-- insert some source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 20);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source;
+
+-- do a simple equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- now the classic UPSERT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Non-standard functionality
+-- 
+-- do a simple equivalent of a DELETE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- now the classic UPSERT, with a DELETE
+-- the Standard doesn't allow the DELETE clause for some reason,
+-- though other implementations do
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Prepare the test data to generate multiple matching rows for a single target
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY id, balance;
+
+-- we now have a duplicate key in source, so when we join to
+-- target we will generate 2 matching rows, not one.
+-- According to standard this command should fail.  
+-- But it suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation by simply ignoring the second
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Now lets prepare the test data to generate 2 non-matching rows
+DELETE FROM source WHERE id = 3 AND balance = 5;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source;
+
+-- This next SQL statement
+--  suceeds according to standard (yes, it is inconsistent)
+--  suceeds in PostgreSQL implementation, though could easily fail if
+--  there was an appropriate unique constraint
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- This next SQL statement works, but since there is no WHEN clause that
+-- applies to non-matching rows, SQL standard requires us to generate
+-- rows with DEFAULT VALUES for all columns, which is why we support the
+-- syntax DO NOTHING (similar to the way Rules work) in addition
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- This next SQL statement suceeds, but does nothing since there are
+-- only non-matching rows that do not activate a WHEN clause, so we
+-- provide syntax to just ignore them, rather than allowing data quality
+-- problems
+BEGIN;
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING
+;
+SELECT * FROM target;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Weirdness
+--
+-- MERGE statement containing WHEN clauses that are never executable
+-- NOT an error under the standard
+MERGE into target t
+USING (select * from source) AS s
+ON t.id = s.id
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance > 0 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN /* never executed because of order of WHEN clauses */
+	INSERT VALUES (s.id, s.balance + 10)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN /* never executed because of order of WHEN clauses */
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance
+;