back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Started by Robert Haasover 10 years ago25 messages
#1Robert Haas
robertmhaas@gmail.com

Hi,

I think we have consensus that we should proceed with releasing fixes
for the known multixact bugs in two stages:

- One set of minor releases with the fixes that we have now, to undo
the damage caused by 9.4.2 and still present in 9.4.3. These changes
will force immediate anti-wraparound vacuums for some users in order
to repair bogus relminmxid, datminmxid, and control-file
oldestMultiXid values. They will also fix failure-to-start problems
confirmed to exist in 9.4.2 and suspected problems with crash recovery
and recovery of an online backup.

- Another set of minor releases with the changes that Andres is
working on to add WAL-logging for multixact truncation. I suppose
this will require the usual dance of upgrading the standby first and
then the master afterwards; there are details I'm not clear on yet
here. This will fix other problems with recovery that are not new in
9.4.2 but go all the way back to 9.3.0.

In addition, it seems abundantly clear that everyone is very eager to
get some sort of 9.5 version out the door - if not a beta, then an
alpha. I am still a bit concerned that's premature, but, on the other
hand, time is passing and at least some issues are getting dealt with
in the meantime, so... that's something.

So, when shall we do all of this releasing? It seems like we could do
stage-one of the multixact fixing this week, and then figure out how
to do the other stuff after PGCon. Alternatively, we can let the
latest round of changes that are already in the tree settle until
after PGCon, and plan a release for stage-one of the multixact fixing
then. Whichever we pick, we then need to figure out the timetable for
the rest of it.

Thanks,

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#2Tom Lane
tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us
In reply to: Robert Haas (#1)
Re: back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> writes:

So, when shall we do all of this releasing? It seems like we could do
stage-one of the multixact fixing this week, and then figure out how
to do the other stuff after PGCon. Alternatively, we can let the
latest round of changes that are already in the tree settle until
after PGCon, and plan a release for stage-one of the multixact fixing
then. Whichever we pick, we then need to figure out the timetable for
the rest of it.

I think we've already basically missed the window for releases this week.
Not that we couldn't physically do it, but that we normally give the
packagers more than one day's notice. (There's also the fact that we've
already asked them to do two releases in the past three weeks.)

I propose that we plan for back-branch releases the week after PGCon
(wrap on Monday June 22), and 9.5alpha1 the week after that (wrap on
Monday June 29). If there's a need for an additional round of back-branch
releases shortly thereafter, we'll deal with that as needed.

regards, tom lane

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#3Bruce Momjian
bruce@momjian.us
In reply to: Tom Lane (#2)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 11:40:43AM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:

Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> writes:

So, when shall we do all of this releasing? It seems like we could do
stage-one of the multixact fixing this week, and then figure out how
to do the other stuff after PGCon. Alternatively, we can let the
latest round of changes that are already in the tree settle until
after PGCon, and plan a release for stage-one of the multixact fixing
then. Whichever we pick, we then need to figure out the timetable for
the rest of it.

I think we've already basically missed the window for releases this week.
Not that we couldn't physically do it, but that we normally give the
packagers more than one day's notice. (There's also the fact that we've
already asked them to do two releases in the past three weeks.)

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

I propose that we plan for back-branch releases the week after PGCon
(wrap on Monday June 22), and 9.5alpha1 the week after that (wrap on
Monday June 29). If there's a need for an additional round of back-branch
releases shortly thereafter, we'll deal with that as needed.

I am working on the 9.5 release notes so will be done long before that
date. I will finish sooner so we can do the week-long release notes
feedback session. :-)

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#4Robert Haas
robertmhaas@gmail.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#3)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:36 PM, Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> wrote:

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

User reports of failures. See the thread about upgrading from 9.4.1
to 9.4.2 and having the server *fail to start*.

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#5Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#3)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Bruce Momjian wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 11:40:43AM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:

Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> writes:

So, when shall we do all of this releasing? It seems like we could do
stage-one of the multixact fixing this week, and then figure out how
to do the other stuff after PGCon. Alternatively, we can let the
latest round of changes that are already in the tree settle until
after PGCon, and plan a release for stage-one of the multixact fixing
then. Whichever we pick, we then need to figure out the timetable for
the rest of it.

I think we've already basically missed the window for releases this week.
Not that we couldn't physically do it, but that we normally give the
packagers more than one day's notice. (There's also the fact that we've
already asked them to do two releases in the past three weeks.)

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

* people with the wrong oldestMulti setting in pg_control (which would
be due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago) will be unable to
start if they upgrade to 9.3.7 or 9.3.8. A solution for them would be
to downgrade to 9.3.6. We had reports of this problem starting just a
couple of days after we released 9.4.2, I think.

* We had a customer unable to refresh their base backups once they
upgraded to 9.3.7; taking a new base backup would fail with a very
similar error to those above (except no buggy pg_upgrade was involved).
They seem to have gotten from under that problem by removing from
crontab a script that ran whole-table vacuuming more frequently than
with default settings. Their data is 3 TB in size, so the basebackup
takes long enough that multixact truncations occured while the base
backups were running, every time, so they were unrestorable.

(Actually I just checked and it seems they haven't verified that they
can take a new base backup -- the new one is still running.)

Anyway my point is that for some guys these bugs are pretty critical.

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#6Bruce Momjian
bruce@momjian.us
In reply to: Robert Haas (#4)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:39:24PM -0400, Robert Haas wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:36 PM, Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> wrote:

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

User reports of failures. See the thread about upgrading from 9.4.1
to 9.4.2 and having the server *fail to start*.

OK, are these fixed in 9.4.2 or would the same failure happen in 9.4.3?

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#7Bruce Momjian
bruce@momjian.us
In reply to: Alvaro Herrera (#5)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 01:53:42PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

* people with the wrong oldestMulti setting in pg_control (which would
be due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago) will be unable to
start if they upgrade to 9.3.7 or 9.3.8. A solution for them would be
to downgrade to 9.3.6. We had reports of this problem starting just a
couple of days after we released 9.4.2, I think.

* We had a customer unable to refresh their base backups once they
upgraded to 9.3.7; taking a new base backup would fail with a very
similar error to those above (except no buggy pg_upgrade was involved).
They seem to have gotten from under that problem by removing from
crontab a script that ran whole-table vacuuming more frequently than
with default settings. Their data is 3 TB in size, so the basebackup
takes long enough that multixact truncations occured while the base
backups were running, every time, so they were unrestorable.

(Actually I just checked and it seems they haven't verified that they
can take a new base backup -- the new one is still running.)

Anyway my point is that for some guys these bugs are pretty critical.

OK, thanks for the summary. I assume they would still have problems
with 9.4.3.

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#8Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#6)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Bruce Momjian wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:39:24PM -0400, Robert Haas wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:36 PM, Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> wrote:

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

User reports of failures. See the thread about upgrading from 9.4.1
to 9.4.2 and having the server *fail to start*.

OK, are these fixed in 9.4.2 or would the same failure happen in 9.4.3?

The fixes are not yet in any released branch, hence the rush to get
these out.

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#9Bruce Momjian
bruce@momjian.us
In reply to: Alvaro Herrera (#8)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 02:01:52PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Bruce Momjian wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:39:24PM -0400, Robert Haas wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 12:36 PM, Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> wrote:

Yeah, I think if we needed this out in an emergency, we would do it, but
based on the volume of recent releases, it would be hard. Are we seeing
user reports of failures even on the newest released versions, or are
these preventive fixes?

User reports of failures. See the thread about upgrading from 9.4.1
to 9.4.2 and having the server *fail to start*.

OK, are these fixed in 9.4.2 or would the same failure happen in 9.4.3?

The fixes are not yet in any released branch, hence the rush to get
these out.

OK, now I understand. :-O We have known failures that are not patched,
hence the desire for a release.

I am a little concerned we are getting into a case where community
members dedicated to this issue are asking for a release, and it is
going into the core black hole, meaning there is no visibility on what
actions core is taking to make a decision. (This is not a criticism,
but rather an observation of how it looks from a non-core-member
perspective.)

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#10Robert Haas
robertmhaas@gmail.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#9)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 1:08 PM, Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> wrote:

OK, now I understand. :-O We have known failures that are not patched,
hence the desire for a release.

I am a little concerned we are getting into a case where community
members dedicated to this issue are asking for a release, and it is
going into the core black hole, meaning there is no visibility on what
actions core is taking to make a decision. (This is not a criticism,
but rather an observation of how it looks from a non-core-member
perspective.)

It's not exactly going into a black hole, but there was some
communication between Tom and Andres on Friday that left Andres with
the impression that if he spent the weekend testing the new code for
problems and things went well, we'd be able to get a release this
week. So he spent his weekend on that, rather than, saying, doing
something fun, and now Tom wants to wait two weeks. I'm not accusing
anybody of anything, but if Andres felt like beating his head against
a nearby wall at this point, I'd sympathize.

Obviously, we need to do what is best for the project overall, not
what is best for any individual developer's cranial integrity. But
the decision-making process here is not entirely clear, and it's not
entirely obvious that we're making the right ones.

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#11Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#9)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Bruce Momjian wrote:

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 02:01:52PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

OK, are these fixed in 9.4.2 or would the same failure happen in 9.4.3?

The fixes are not yet in any released branch, hence the rush to get
these out.

OK, now I understand. :-O We have known failures that are not patched,
hence the desire for a release.

Part of the problem is that they are regressions: these systems did not
have any trouble with 9.4.1/9.3.6 (other than being at risk of members
overrun, of course.)

I am a little concerned we are getting into a case where community
members dedicated to this issue are asking for a release, and it is
going into the core black hole, meaning there is no visibility on what
actions core is taking to make a decision.

At 2ndQuadrant, and I imagine EDB is in the same position, we have
enough packaging stuff going on that we can ship patched releases to
customers in case of trouble. I worry about users not having that
privilege.

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#12Tom Lane
tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us
In reply to: Robert Haas (#10)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> writes:

It's not exactly going into a black hole, but there was some
communication between Tom and Andres on Friday that left Andres with
the impression that if he spent the weekend testing the new code for
problems and things went well, we'd be able to get a release this
week. So he spent his weekend on that, rather than, saying, doing
something fun, and now Tom wants to wait two weeks. I'm not accusing
anybody of anything, but if Andres felt like beating his head against
a nearby wall at this point, I'd sympathize.

As I saw it, on Friday it was not clear whether we would be able to do a
release this week. Now it's Monday, and we still have a rather long list
of issues, and apparently Andres isn't all that happy even with the fixes
that have gone in, because he still wants more time for testing.

Are we really benefiting anyone if we force out a rushed release right
now? What are the odds that it will make things worse?

Obviously, we need to do what is best for the project overall, not
what is best for any individual developer's cranial integrity. But
the decision-making process here is not entirely clear, and it's not
entirely obvious that we're making the right ones.

AFAICT, you've been in on every single email thread discussing schedule
over the past couple of weeks, and so has Andres. If you think it's
unclear, it's not because somebody is hiding something from you, it's
because it *is* unclear what we ought to do.

regards, tom lane

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#13Andres Freund
andres@anarazel.de
In reply to: Robert Haas (#10)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 2015-06-08 13:16:00 -0400, Robert Haas wrote:

It's not exactly going into a black hole, but there was some
communication between Tom and Andres on Friday that left Andres with
the impression that if he spent the weekend testing the new code for
problems and things went well, we'd be able to get a release this
week.

More precisely I felt rather unsure whether we'd release on Monday,
Tuesday, or not at all. And I'd rather have a tested release out there
than an untested one.

Andres

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#14Andres Freund
andres@anarazel.de
In reply to: Tom Lane (#12)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 2015-06-08 14:18:22 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:

As I saw it, on Friday it was not clear whether we would be able to do a
release this week. Now it's Monday, and we still have a rather long list
of issues

Well, these issues aren't regressions, they're "just" general problems
we need to fix. And some of them are going to require somewhat invasive
changes. Both you and Robert have argued that the regressions should be
fixed first. And by now you've convinced me.

, and apparently Andres isn't all that happy even with the fixes
that have gone in, because he still wants more time for testing.

I'm now satisfied that the current HEAD is better than what was released
last time round.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

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#15Robert Haas
robertmhaas@gmail.com
In reply to: Tom Lane (#12)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, Jun 8, 2015 at 2:18 PM, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote:

As I saw it, on Friday it was not clear whether we would be able to do a
release this week. Now it's Monday, and we still have a rather long list
of issues, and apparently Andres isn't all that happy even with the fixes
that have gone in, because he still wants more time for testing.

My reading is that Andres is convinced that we've fixed the
regressions in 9.4.2.

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#16Tom Lane
tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us
In reply to: Andres Freund (#14)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> writes:

On 2015-06-08 14:18:22 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:

As I saw it, on Friday it was not clear whether we would be able to do a
release this week. Now it's Monday, and we still have a rather long list
of issues

Well, these issues aren't regressions, they're "just" general problems
we need to fix. And some of them are going to require somewhat invasive
changes. Both you and Robert have argued that the regressions should be
fixed first. And by now you've convinced me.

, and apparently Andres isn't all that happy even with the fixes
that have gone in, because he still wants more time for testing.

I'm now satisfied that the current HEAD is better than what was released
last time round.

If there's general agreement that there are no regressions from
9.4.anything, then perhaps we should put out a release this week.
Wrap today seems out of the question but we could still do it tomorrow
for Friday release.

Given the lack of notice, I doubt that all the packagers would be on board
promptly; but as long as it's not a security release there's no urgent
reason that they all have to be ready at the same time.

regards, tom lane

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#17Joshua D. Drake
jd@commandprompt.com
In reply to: Tom Lane (#16)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 06/08/2015 12:21 PM, Tom Lane wrote:

Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> writes:

On 2015-06-08 14:18:22 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:

As I saw it, on Friday it was not clear whether we would be able to do a
release this week. Now it's Monday, and we still have a rather long list
of issues

Well, these issues aren't regressions, they're "just" general problems
we need to fix. And some of them are going to require somewhat invasive
changes. Both you and Robert have argued that the regressions should be
fixed first. And by now you've convinced me.

, and apparently Andres isn't all that happy even with the fixes
that have gone in, because he still wants more time for testing.

I'm now satisfied that the current HEAD is better than what was released
last time round.

If there's general agreement that there are no regressions from
9.4.anything, then perhaps we should put out a release this week.
Wrap today seems out of the question but we could still do it tomorrow
for Friday release.

If we release on Friday that is the 12th, PgCon is starts the 16th and
there is a weekend in between. If there is an unknown regression or new
bug that is severe, are we going to have the resources to resolve it?

Sincerely,

JD

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#18Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Joshua D. Drake (#17)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Joshua D. Drake wrote:

If we release on Friday that is the 12th, PgCon is starts the 16th and there
is a weekend in between. If there is an unknown regression or new bug that
is severe, are we going to have the resources to resolve it?

ISTM if that happens, we're no worse off than currently.

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#19Joshua D. Drake
jd@commandprompt.com
In reply to: Alvaro Herrera (#18)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 06/08/2015 12:31 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Joshua D. Drake wrote:

If we release on Friday that is the 12th, PgCon is starts the 16th and there
is a weekend in between. If there is an unknown regression or new bug that
is severe, are we going to have the resources to resolve it?

ISTM if that happens, we're no worse off than currently.

Technically sure, reputation?

If we really want to do this, let's do it. I am not trying to throw a
wrench into things. I just really don't want to have to go back, yet again.

Sincerely,

JD

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#20Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Joshua D. Drake (#19)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Joshua D. Drake wrote:

On 06/08/2015 12:31 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Joshua D. Drake wrote:

If we release on Friday that is the 12th, PgCon is starts the 16th and there
is a weekend in between. If there is an unknown regression or new bug that
is severe, are we going to have the resources to resolve it?

ISTM if that happens, we're no worse off than currently.

Technically sure, reputation?

Well, reputation-wise we're already losing every time somebody's server
crashes on 9.4.2 and finds it won't start, where it did start fine with
9.4.1. Maybe they simply wanted to change shared_buffers and the server
won't start anymore. Some people even update binaries with the server
running; if they don't restart immediately, it could be several days
before it fails to start. It's pretty scary.

If we really want to do this, let's do it. I am not trying to throw a wrench
into things. I just really don't want to have to go back, yet again.

Sure, me neither.

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#21Joshua D. Drake
jd@commandprompt.com
In reply to: Alvaro Herrera (#20)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 06/08/2015 12:48 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Well, reputation-wise we're already losing every time somebody's server
crashes on 9.4.2 and finds it won't start, where it did start fine with
9.4.1. Maybe they simply wanted to change shared_buffers and the server
won't start anymore. Some people even update binaries with the server
running; if they don't restart immediately, it could be several days
before it fails to start. It's pretty scary.

Yeah no doubt there.

JD

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#22Josh Berkus
josh@agliodbs.com
In reply to: Bruce Momjian (#6)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On 06/08/2015 12:48 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Well, reputation-wise we're already losing every time somebody's server
crashes on 9.4.2 and finds it won't start, where it did start fine with
9.4.1. Maybe they simply wanted to change shared_buffers and the server
won't start anymore. Some people even update binaries with the server
running; if they don't restart immediately, it could be several days
before it fails to start. It's pretty scary.

I'm confused by this discussion. 9.4.3 is released.

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#23Alvaro Herrera
alvherre@2ndquadrant.com
In reply to: Josh Berkus (#22)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

Josh Berkus wrote:

On 06/08/2015 12:48 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:

Well, reputation-wise we're already losing every time somebody's server
crashes on 9.4.2 and finds it won't start, where it did start fine with
9.4.1. Maybe they simply wanted to change shared_buffers and the server
won't start anymore. Some people even update binaries with the server
running; if they don't restart immediately, it could be several days
before it fails to start. It's pretty scary.

I'm confused by this discussion. 9.4.3 is released.

The bug was not fixed by 9.4.3. It was fixed by this commit:

Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
Branch: master [068cfadf9] 2015-06-05 09:31:57 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [b6a3444fa] 2015-06-05 09:33:52 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [2a9b01928] 2015-06-05 09:34:15 -0400

Cope with possible failure of the oldest MultiXact to exist.

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#24David Gould
daveg@sonic.net
In reply to: Alvaro Herrera (#5)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Mon, 8 Jun 2015 13:53:42 -0300
Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@2ndquadrant.com> wrote:

* people with the wrong oldestMulti setting in pg_control (which would
be due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago) will be unable to
start if they upgrade to 9.3.7 or 9.3.8. A solution for them would be
to downgrade to 9.3.6. We had reports of this problem starting just a
couple of days after we released 9.4.2, I think.

Does this mean that for people with wrong oldestMulti settings in pg_control
due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago can fix this by updating to
9.3.9 when it is released? Asking for a friend...

-dg

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#25Robert Haas
robertmhaas@gmail.com
In reply to: David Gould (#24)
Re: [CORE] back-branch multixact fixes & 9.5 alpha/beta: schedule

On Tue, Jun 9, 2015 at 3:04 AM, David Gould <daveg@sonic.net> wrote:

On Mon, 8 Jun 2015 13:53:42 -0300
Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@2ndquadrant.com> wrote:

* people with the wrong oldestMulti setting in pg_control (which would
be due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago) will be unable to
start if they upgrade to 9.3.7 or 9.3.8. A solution for them would be
to downgrade to 9.3.6. We had reports of this problem starting just a
couple of days after we released 9.4.2, I think.

Does this mean that for people with wrong oldestMulti settings in pg_control
due to a buggy pg_upgrade being used long ago can fix this by updating to
9.3.9 when it is released? Asking for a friend...

If the value is buggy because it is 1 when it should have some larger
value, yes, this should fix it.

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