Alias hstore's ? to ~ so that it works with JDBC

On Tue, Feb 5, 2013 at 11:29 AM, Seamus Abshere <seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

hi,

As reported in BUG #7715 [1], hstore's use of ? as an operator conflicts
with JDBC's bind variables.

I think we could just alias ? to ~ and tell JDBC users to use that instead.
[2]

This is not a bug with postgres, but with java/JDBC. There are many
operators that use '?' besides hstore and JDBC should allow for
escaping out of its statement interpretation.

merlin

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merlin,

Yes, you're correct, my phrasing was bad: all I meant was that it was a
conflict, not a bug in Postgres or hstore.

I personally don't know of any way around the conflict except changing
JDBC or hstore, and I don't think JDBC is gonna change.

Deciding not to accommodate JDBC on the Postgres side, though, is going
to prevent hstore from being used properly with Java or any JVM-based
language like JRuby.

Please let me know if my assumptions are wrong.

Best,
Seamus

On 2/6/13 10:58 AM, Merlin Moncure wrote:

On Tue, Feb 5, 2013 at 11:29 AM, Seamus Abshere <seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

As reported in BUG #7715 [1], hstore's use of ? as an operator conflicts
with JDBC's bind variables.

I think we could just alias ? to ~ and tell JDBC users to use that instead.

This is not a bug with postgres, but with java/JDBC. There are many
operators that use '?' besides hstore and JDBC should allow for
escaping out of its statement interpretation.

merlin

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On Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 11:20 AM, Seamus Abshere <seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

merlin,

Yes, you're correct, my phrasing was bad: all I meant was that it was a
conflict, not a bug in Postgres or hstore.

I personally don't know of any way around the conflict except changing JDBC
or hstore, and I don't think JDBC is gonna change.

Deciding not to accommodate JDBC on the Postgres side, though, is going to
prevent hstore from being used properly with Java or any JVM-based language
like JRuby.

Please let me know if my assumptions are wrong.

This problem is not unique to ? character. Hibernate for example
reserves the use of : character for name parameter insertion with
similarly ridiculous results. Basically every language I know of
except for the java stack seems to understand that when embedding
constructs into a foreign language there must be some type of escaping
mechanism (note they may in fact allow this in some level: via
googling it isn't clear).

The point is that Postgres should not introduce language constraints
because of broken driver technology. To move forward in your
particular case, consider:
*) switching to 'hstore defined()' function:
*) hacking pg_operator (carefully look up and change oprname for the
specific hstore operator)

merlin

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merlin,

I appreciate your perspective and wish that JDBC didn't present this
problem. Still, with the rapidly growing adoption of both Postgres and
JVM-based languages (thanks Heroku!) - plus the special power of hstore
- I think it would be a shame if such a small accommodation could not be
made.

Other hackers,

What is your take?

Best,
Seamus

PS. Switching to the EXIST() or DEFINED() functions is not, in my
opinion, a solution because they can't use hstore's GiST or GIN indexes.

On 2/6/13 11:34 AM, Merlin Moncure wrote:

The point is that Postgres should not introduce language constraints
because of broken driver technology. To move forward in your
particular case, consider:
*) switching to 'hstore defined()' function:
*) hacking pg_operator (carefully look up and change oprname for the
specific hstore operator)

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On 02/06/2013 12:34 PM, Merlin Moncure wrote:

The point is that Postgres should not introduce language constraints
because of broken driver technology.

+1

To move forward in your
particular case, consider:
*) switching to 'hstore defined()' function:

good solution - but just use the existing "exist()" function.

*) hacking pg_operator (carefully look up and change oprname for the
specific hstore operator)

bad solution. Why not just provide an additional operator?

CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
LEFTARG = hstore,
RIGHTARG = text,
PROCEDURE = exist,
RESTRICT = contsel,
JOIN = contjoinsel
);

cheers

andrew

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On Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 12:00 PM, Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote:

On 02/06/2013 12:34 PM, Merlin Moncure wrote:

The point is that Postgres should not introduce language constraints
because of broken driver technology.

+1

To move forward in your
particular case, consider:
*) switching to 'hstore defined()' function:

good solution - but just use the existing "exist()" function.

*) hacking pg_operator (carefully look up and change oprname for the
specific hstore operator)

bad solution. Why not just provide an additional operator?

CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
LEFTARG = hstore,
RIGHTARG = text,
PROCEDURE = exist,
RESTRICT = contsel,
JOIN = contjoinsel
);

yeah, this is much less hacky way to go.

merlin

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tl;dr

Scala/JRuby/Clojure (any JVM-based language) + Postgres + hstore =
awesome... why not just add a few lines to hstore--1.2.sql and make sure
that all operators are available and indexable?

hi Andrew, hi merlin,

use the existing "exist()" function

EXIST() can't use hstore's GiST or GIN indexes.

Why not just provide an additional operator?

CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
LEFTARG = hstore,
RIGHTARG = text,
PROCEDURE = exist,
RESTRICT = contsel,
JOIN = contjoinsel
);

Since the goal is to get ? working on JDBC with indexes, I think you
also have to do CREATE OPERATOR CLASS [1]See my revision of hstore--1.1.sql at https://gist.github.com/seamusabshere/4715959/revisions

Best,
Seamus

[1]: See my revision of hstore--1.1.sql at https://gist.github.com/seamusabshere/4715959/revisions
https://gist.github.com/seamusabshere/4715959/revisions

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On Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 11:42 PM, Merlin Moncure <mmoncure@gmail.com> wrote:

*) hacking pg_operator (carefully look up and change oprname for the
specific hstore operator)

bad solution. Why not just provide an additional operator?

CREATE OPERATOR ~ (
LEFTARG = hstore,
RIGHTARG = text,
PROCEDURE = exist,
RESTRICT = contsel,
JOIN = contjoinsel
);

yeah, this is much less hacky way to go.

But, you need to add new operator to opclasses in order to use GiST and GIN
indexes.
Another solution is to create SQL functionw which calls operator:
CREATE FUNCTION exists_inline (hstore, text) RETURNS bool AS $$ SELECT $1 ?
$2; $$ LANGUAGE sql;
It will inline and use indexes.

------
With best regards,
Alexander Korotkov.

On Wed, 6 Feb 2013, Seamus Abshere wrote:

I personally don't know of any way around the conflict except changing
JDBC or hstore, and I don't think JDBC is gonna change.

I think changing JDBC is the way to go. Currently JDBC supports escape
sequences for cross database portability and it seems reasonable to
support an escape sequence that allowed passing ? to the backend instead
of interpreting it as a parameter. This will be more complicated than you
might hope because the escape processing currently happens prior to bind
parameter detection so I'm not sure what a good patch would really look
like, but given the feedback provided here, it's worth investigating.

Kris Jurka

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On Fri, Feb 8, 2013 at 11:43 AM, Kris Jurka <books@ejurka.com> wrote:

On Wed, 6 Feb 2013, Seamus Abshere wrote:

I personally don't know of any way around the conflict except changing
JDBC or hstore, and I don't think JDBC is gonna change.

I think changing JDBC is the way to go. Currently JDBC supports escape
sequences for cross database portability and it seems reasonable to
support an escape sequence that allowed passing ? to the backend instead
of interpreting it as a parameter. This will be more complicated than you
might hope because the escape processing currently happens prior to bind
parameter detection so I'm not sure what a good patch would really look
like, but given the feedback provided here, it's worth investigating.

Kris Jurka

Would this be an postgresql specific escape sequence ? I don't think the

spec allows for this does it ?

Dave Cramer

dave.cramer(at)credativ(dot)ca
http://www.credativ.ca

On Fri, 8 Feb 2013, Dave Cramer wrote:

Would this be an postgresql specific escape sequence ? I don't think the
spec allows for this does it ?

Yes, this would be a postgresql jdbc driver specific escape. The spec
doesn't have a concept of private escape sequences, but that doesn't seem
like the end of the world. Clearly the user here is writing postgresql
specific code to use hstore operators, so there's not a portability loss
here.

Kris Jurka

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On 02/08/2013 12:41 PM, Kris Jurka wrote:

On Fri, 8 Feb 2013, Dave Cramer wrote:

Would this be an postgresql specific escape sequence ? I don't think the
spec allows for this does it ?

Yes, this would be a postgresql jdbc driver specific escape. The spec
doesn't have a concept of private escape sequences, but that doesn't seem
like the end of the world. Clearly the user here is writing postgresql
specific code to use hstore operators, so there's not a portability loss
here.

I assume, though, that you're not talking about something that's
hstore-specific, but rather something that will allow the user to put a
non-parameter question mark in the query string. As has been noted
upthread, the hstore use is far from the only one that causes users to
trip on this.

cheers

andrew

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That would seem to be the implication. JDBC wouldn't really know anything
about hstore.

Dave Cramer

dave.cramer(at)credativ(dot)ca
http://www.credativ.ca

On Fri, Feb 8, 2013 at 12:51 PM, Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote:

The thing is PostgeSQL JDBC driver should be able to parse sql in order to
tell if specific question mark is a bind variable or it is inside string
literal, or it is inside of some comment.

I do not believe JDBC spec forces to treat all ? as bind placeholders.
That's unusable.
Oracle JDBC allows having ? symbols in comments and string literals without
any special escapement.
08.02.2013 22:01 пользователь "Dave Cramer" <pg@fastcrypt.com> написал:

Vladimir Sitnikov <sitnikov.vladimir@gmail.com> writes:

The thing is PostgeSQL JDBC driver should be able to parse sql in order to
tell if specific question mark is a bind variable or it is inside string
literal, or it is inside of some comment.

What's your point? Those cases don't have anything to do with variables
versus operators, neither of which would be inside a literal or comment.

It would take extremely deep knowledge of SQL syntax for the driver to
reliably tell the difference between a variable and an operator --- and
even then, I'm not sure it'd be terribly user-friendly, because the
parsing would depend on details like where there is whitespace. For
instance, the backend parser would think that "?= 2" is a prefix
operator named "?=" followed by literal 2, whereas "? = 2" will be
parsed differently, and "? ? 2" yet differently (because "=" is
special-cased but an operator named "?" isn't). I'm not sure it'd be
any more usable to work like that than with an explicit escaping
convention.

regards, tom lane

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On 2/11/13 11:30 AM, Tom Lane wrote:

It would take extremely deep knowledge of SQL syntax for the driver to
reliably tell the difference between a variable and an operator

Yes, auto-detecting the difference between bind vars and operators would
probably be even more difficult than providing escapes for ?, the
difficulty of which Kris pointed out earlier:

On 2/8/13 at 10:43AM Kris Jurka wrote:

This will be more complicated than you might hope because the escape processing currently happens prior to bind parameter detection

The relevant section, I believe, is:

https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/blob/master/org/postgresql/core/v3/QueryExecutorImpl.java#L164

Best,
Seamus

PS. Thanks Andrew for reminding me about top-posting :)

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On 08.02.2013 19:41, Kris Jurka wrote:

On Fri, 8 Feb 2013, Dave Cramer wrote:

Would this be an postgresql specific escape sequence ? I don't think the
spec allows for this does it ?

Yes, this would be a postgresql jdbc driver specific escape. The spec
doesn't have a concept of private escape sequences, but that doesn't seem
like the end of the world. Clearly the user here is writing postgresql
specific code to use hstore operators, so there's not a portability loss
here.

I agree it's pretty dumb that there's currently no such escape. I think
JDBC inherited that design mistake from ODBC. Fixing that would be a
good idea.

That said, it occurs to me that there's one fairly simple thing we could
also do in the backend. At the moment, unlike function and table names,
operators cannot be quoted. It would be easy to allow this in the grammar:

select 1 operator("+") 1;

The operator(...) syntax already exists, but the operator inside it
can't be quoted. It wouldn't create any conflicts to allow that.

- Heikki

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On 2/11/13 1:35 PM, Heikki Linnakangas wrote:

I agree it's pretty dumb that there's currently no such escape. I think JDBC inherited that design mistake from ODBC. Fixing that would be a good idea.

Lance Anderson, Oracle's JDBC spec lead, says [1]http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/000058.html we can implement
something like:

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE data {postgres qm} 'abc'

Thanks to Mark Rotteveel for driving the discussion. [2]http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/date.html#51 (threaded view gets it out of order)

That said, it occurs to me that there's one fairly simple thing we could also do in the backend. At the moment, unlike function and table names, operators cannot be quoted. It would be easy to allow this in the grammar:

select 1 operator("+") 1;

I guess I see 2 simple options and 1 complex option:

a) [simple] operator("+") per Heikki
b) [simple, but not popular] alias ? to ~ per Seamus
c) [complex] {postgres blah} per Lance/Mark

How to decide?

Best,
Seamus

[1]: http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/000058.html
http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/000058.html
[2]: http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/date.html#51 (threaded view gets it out of order)
http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/date.html#51
(threaded view gets it out of order)

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Since we already do escape processing much like c that might not be so
complex. However I haven't looked at the code, so I could be way off base.

The question I would pose is how palatable is it to use ? In other words is
it worth pursuing ?

Dave Cramer

dave.cramer(at)credativ(dot)ca
http://www.credativ.ca

On Wed, Feb 13, 2013 at 12:10 PM, Seamus Abshere <seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

Seamus Abshere escribió:

[1] http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/000058.html
[2] http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/date.html#51
(threaded view gets it out of order)

Ooh, how archaic --- they're still using Mhonarc to webify list
archives! ;-)

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PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services

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On Feb 13, 2013 6:43 PM, "Alvaro Herrera" <alvherre@2ndquadrant.com> wrote:

Seamus Abshere escribió:

[1]

http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/000058.html

[2]

http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdbc-spec-discuss/2013-February/date.html#51

(threaded view gets it out of order)

Ooh, how archaic --- they're still using Mhonarc to webify list
archives! ;-)

From the url, it certainly looks more like pipermail...

/Magnus

Seamus Abshere <seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

On 2/11/13 1:35 PM, Heikki Linnakangas wrote:

I agree it's pretty dumb that there's currently no such escape.
I think JDBC inherited that design mistake from ODBC. Fixing
that would be a good idea.

Lance Anderson, Oracle's JDBC spec lead

Wow, there's a name I haven't seen in years.  I used to deal with
him often when he was at Sybase, and once or twice after he moved
to Sun.  Sharp guy.

says we can implement something like:

     SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE data {postgres qm} 'abc'

That suggestion makes a lot of sense to me.  The curly-brace
escapes are in JDBC for portability, so this seems like a totally
appropriate use; it's surprising it hasn't come up before.

I guess I see 2 simple options and 1 complex option:

a) [simple] operator("+") per Heikki
b) [simple, but not popular] alias ? to ~ per Seamus
c) [complex] {postgres blah} per Lance/Mark

How to decide?

We already have code in the JDBC driver to recognize curly-brace
escape sequences.  We just need to add "postgres" as another
keyword for such escapes and we can do what we like for the rest of
the escape sequence.  A mnemonic, such as Lance suggests, does seem
like a good approach.

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On 13.02.2013 22:17, Kevin Grittner wrote:

Seamus Abshere<seamus@abshere.net> wrote:

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE data {postgres qm} 'abc'

That suggestion makes a lot of sense to me. The curly-brace
escapes are in JDBC for portability, so this seems like a totally
appropriate use; it's surprising it hasn't come up before.

+1 for something like this. Rather than a straight "{postgres qm}" to
represent a question mark, though, perhaps it would be more readable to
allow something like this though:

{postgres SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE data ? 'abc' AND column = $1}

Ie. within "{postgres ... }", ? means a question mark, not a parameter
marker, and for parameter markers, you use the PostgreSQL syntax, $n.

Also, should we consider how to escape { and } characters? They're not a
problem at the moment, but while we're at it...

I guess I see 2 simple options and 1 complex option:

a) [simple] operator("+") per Heikki
b) [simple, but not popular] alias ? to ~ per Seamus
c) [complex] {postgres blah} per Lance/Mark

How to decide?

We already have code in the JDBC driver to recognize curly-brace
escape sequences. We just need to add "postgres" as another
keyword for such escapes and we can do what we like for the rest of
the escape sequence. A mnemonic, such as Lance suggests, does seem
like a good approach.

We could support operator("?") as well; belt and suspenders. That would
help ODBC clients too.

- Heikki

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On Feb 13, 2013 10:35 PM, "Heikki Linnakangas" <hlinnakangas@vmware.com>
wrote:

We could support operator("?") as well; belt and suspenders. That would

help ODBC clients too.

+1 for the belt and suspenders approach. With {postgres qm} JDBC can work
with older PostgreSQL versions, not requiring applications to bump their
minimum db version. With operator("?") older JDBC clients can work too in
case the library version is fixed due to policies (I'm assuming here that
question marks already work within quoted identifiers/literals).

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