pgsql: Fix BRIN summarization concurrent with extension

Fix BRIN summarization concurrent with extension

If a process is extending a table concurrently with some BRIN
summarization process, it is possible for the latter to miss pages added
by the former because the number of pages is computed ahead of time.

Fix by determining a fresh relation size after inserting the placeholder
tuple: any process that further extends the table concurrently will
update the placeholder tuple, while previous pages will be processed by
the heap scan.

Reported-by: Tomas Vondra
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Author: Álvaro Herrera
Discussion: /messages/by-id/083d996a-4a8a-0e13-800a-851dd09ad8cc@2ndquadrant.com
Backpatch-to: 9.5

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ec42a1dcb30de235b252f6d4972f2f2bdb2e47f2

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

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