glibc qsort() vulnerability

From f5850579e92f201218c3025327b91d820eabd18e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2024 14:29:04 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/2] remove direct calls to pg_qsort()

---
 contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c            |  4 ++--
 src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c         |  4 ++--
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c          | 10 +++++-----
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
index 06ee21d496..248b9914a3 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ apw_load_buffers(void)
 	FreeFile(file);
 
 	/* Sort the blocks to be loaded. */
-	pg_qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
-			 apw_compare_blockinfo);
+	qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
+		  apw_compare_blockinfo);
 
 	/* Populate shared memory state. */
 	apw_state->block_info_handle = dsm_segment_handle(seg);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
index 3ffaad3e42..2c29aa3d4e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ build_distances(FmgrInfo *distanceFn, Oid colloid,
 	 * Sort the distances in descending order, so that the longest gaps are at
 	 * the front.
 	 */
-	pg_qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
+	qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
 
 	return distances;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
index eb1ec3b86d..07575ef312 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
@@ -3915,7 +3915,7 @@ DropRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgr_reln, int nlocators)
 
 	/* sort the list of rlocators if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
@@ -4269,7 +4269,7 @@ FlushRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgrs, int nrels)
 
 	/* sort the list of SMgrRelations if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..662f930864 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -146,14 +146,14 @@ InitCatalogCache(void)
 	Assert(SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize <= lengthof(SysCacheSupportingRelOid));
 
 	/* Sort and de-dup OID arrays, so we can use binary search. */
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheRelationOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize, sizeof(Oid),
 				oid_compare);
 
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
 				sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ RelationSupportsSysCache(Oid relid)
 
 
 /*
- * OID comparator for pg_qsort
+ * OID comparator for qsort
  */
 static int
 oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
-- 
2.25.1

From f1a046c3c67266187f5861b27c2fad1daa25101c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 14:53:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH v2 2/2] Ensure comparison functions are transitive

There are a few comparison functions to qsort() that are non-transitive
because they can cause an overflow. Fix these functions to instead use
normal comparisons and return -1, 0, or 1 explicitly.
---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c |  6 +++++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c      | 12 ++++++++----
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c           | 20 ++++++++++++++++----
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c             |  9 ++++++++-
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..d0a2b4e6e1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -325,7 +325,11 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	if (aa->c > bb->c)
+		return 1;
+	if (aa->c < bb->c)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..dc5a100d82 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4517,10 +4517,14 @@ AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation, int ndef)
 static int
 AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
-	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
-
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	AttrNumber	ana = ((const AttrDefault *) a)->adnum;
+	AttrNumber	anb = ((const AttrDefault *) b)->adnum;
+
+	if (ana > anb)
+		return 1;
+	if (ana < anb)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..483ede2ce4 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -32,14 +32,26 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
 	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int			p1db = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int			p2db = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+	{
+		if (slen1 > slen2)
+			return 1;
+		if (slen1 < slen2)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+
+	if (p1db > p2db)
+		return 1;
+	if (p1db < p2db)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..de6168bd67 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -709,5 +709,12 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	const int	an = *(const int *) a;
+	const int	bn = *(const int *) b;
+
+	if (an > bn)
+		return 1;
+	if (an < bn)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
 }
-- 
2.25.1

From 8668a0dd83ecbdd356c76416b8398138407ef829 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2024 14:29:04 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v3 1/2] remove direct calls to pg_qsort()

---
 contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c            |  4 ++--
 src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c         |  4 ++--
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c          | 10 +++++-----
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
index 06ee21d496..248b9914a3 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ apw_load_buffers(void)
 	FreeFile(file);
 
 	/* Sort the blocks to be loaded. */
-	pg_qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
-			 apw_compare_blockinfo);
+	qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
+		  apw_compare_blockinfo);
 
 	/* Populate shared memory state. */
 	apw_state->block_info_handle = dsm_segment_handle(seg);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
index 3ffaad3e42..2c29aa3d4e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ build_distances(FmgrInfo *distanceFn, Oid colloid,
 	 * Sort the distances in descending order, so that the longest gaps are at
 	 * the front.
 	 */
-	pg_qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
+	qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
 
 	return distances;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
index eb1ec3b86d..07575ef312 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
@@ -3915,7 +3915,7 @@ DropRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgr_reln, int nlocators)
 
 	/* sort the list of rlocators if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
@@ -4269,7 +4269,7 @@ FlushRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgrs, int nrels)
 
 	/* sort the list of SMgrRelations if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..662f930864 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -146,14 +146,14 @@ InitCatalogCache(void)
 	Assert(SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize <= lengthof(SysCacheSupportingRelOid));
 
 	/* Sort and de-dup OID arrays, so we can use binary search. */
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheRelationOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize, sizeof(Oid),
 				oid_compare);
 
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
 				sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ RelationSupportsSysCache(Oid relid)
 
 
 /*
- * OID comparator for pg_qsort
+ * OID comparator for qsort
  */
 static int
 oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
-- 
2.25.1

From a74708f14d6e862b836b2d5106491a8db3114433 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 14:53:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH v3 2/2] Ensure comparison functions are transitive

There are a few comparison functions to qsort() that are non-transitive
because they can cause an overflow. Fix these functions to instead use
normal comparisons and return -1, 0, or 1 explicitly.
---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c |  2 +-
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c      |  9 ++++++---
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c           | 10 ++++++----
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c             |  5 ++++-
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..e561bde63e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return (aa->c > bb->c) - (aa->c < bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..54682a0e60 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4517,10 +4517,13 @@ AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation, int ndef)
 static int
 AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
-	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
+	AttrNumber	ana = ((const AttrDefault *) a)->adnum;
+	AttrNumber	anb = ((const AttrDefault *) b)->adnum;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	/* ensure upcasting approach is transitive */
+	Assert(sizeof(AttrNumber) == 2);
+
+	return (int) ana - (int) anb;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..b421500bbb 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
 	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int			p1db = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int			p2db = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return (slen1 > slen2) - (slen1 < slen2);
+
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+
+	return (p1db > p2db) - (p1db < p2db);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..7660f0ed4b 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -709,5 +709,8 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	const int	an = *(const int *) a;
+	const int	bn = *(const int *) b;
+
+	return (an > bn) - (an < bn);
 }
-- 
2.25.1

From 8c183806a6b0f95ab53db4b029bc82823785c363 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 14:53:53 +0100
Subject: Standardize integer comparison for qsort()

Introduce a macro INT_CMP() that will standardize integer comparison
for implementing comparison function for qsort(). The macro will ensure
that the function returns -1, 0, or 1 without risking overflow as a
result of subtracting the two integers, which is otherwise a common
pattern for implementing this.
---
 contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c                    |  2 +-
 contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c                 |  2 +-
 contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c |  7 +------
 contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c                       |  7 +------
 contrib/seg/seg.c                               |  7 +------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c           |  7 +------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c             |  9 ++-------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c         |  7 +------
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c         |  4 +---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c       |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c         |  2 +-
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c     |  7 +------
 src/backend/backup/walsummary.c                 |  6 +-----
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                      |  7 +------
 src/backend/nodes/list.c                        | 12 ++----------
 src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c                   |  6 +-----
 src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_pool.c          |  7 +------
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                  |  2 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c             |  5 +----
 src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c |  6 +-----
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c               |  7 +------
 src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c                     |  6 +-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c               |  9 ++-------
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c            |  5 +----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c                |  4 +---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c             |  4 +---
 src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c                     |  6 +-----
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c              |  2 +-
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c              |  4 +---
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c              |  7 +------
 src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c           |  9 +--------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                  |  6 +-----
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c                   |  8 ++++----
 src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c           |  7 +------
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c                     |  2 +-
 src/include/access/gin_private.h                |  7 +------
 src/include/c.h                                 |  8 ++++++++
 37 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 170 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index fe343739eb..e125b76290 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return INT_CMP(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
index 8c6c4b5d05..7f0deda34d 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return INT_CMP(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
index 8c6a3a2d08..f32e6868ed 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
@@ -3007,10 +3007,5 @@ comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			l = ((const LocationLen *) a)->location;
 	int			r = ((const LocationLen *) b)->location;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return +1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(l, r);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
index 49d4497b4f..f6020141a2 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
@@ -433,12 +433,7 @@ comp_ptrgm(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
 
-	if (p1->index < p2->index)
-		return -1;
-	else if (p1->index == p2->index)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return INT_CMP(p1->index, p2->index);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/contrib/seg/seg.c b/contrib/seg/seg.c
index 7f9fc24eb4..ff2ffaf8c7 100644
--- a/contrib/seg/seg.c
+++ b/contrib/seg/seg.c
@@ -300,12 +300,7 @@ gseg_picksplit_item_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const gseg_picksplit_item *i1 = (const gseg_picksplit_item *) a;
 	const gseg_picksplit_item *i2 = (const gseg_picksplit_item *) b;
 
-	if (i1->center < i2->center)
-		return -1;
-	else if (i1->center == i2->center)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return INT_CMP(i1->center, i2->center);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
index 709edd1c17..1aeaf19efd 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
@@ -3013,10 +3013,5 @@ _bt_blk_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	BlockNumber b1 = *((BlockNumber *) arg1);
 	BlockNumber b2 = *((BlockNumber *) arg2);
 
-	if (b1 < b2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (b1 > b2)
-		return 1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(b1, b2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index 567bade9f4..bb31cda542 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -1466,14 +1466,9 @@ _bt_delitems_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete1 = (TM_IndexDelete *) a;
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete2 = (TM_IndexDelete *) b;
 
-	if (indexdelete1->id > indexdelete2->id)
-		return 1;
-	if (indexdelete1->id < indexdelete2->id)
-		return -1;
+	Assert(INT_CMP(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id) != 0);
 
-	Assert(false);
-
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
index d0b1d82578..f33f1f9d51 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
@@ -596,12 +596,7 @@ _bt_splitcmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	SplitPoint *split1 = (SplitPoint *) arg1;
 	SplitPoint *split2 = (SplitPoint *) arg2;
 
-	if (split1->curdelta > split2->curdelta)
-		return 1;
-	if (split1->curdelta < split2->curdelta)
-		return -1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(split1->curdelta,  split2->curdelta);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
index bb063c858d..995392d480 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
@@ -110,9 +110,7 @@ addNode(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple tuple, Datum label, int offset)
 static int
 cmpOffsetNumbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const OffsetNumber *) a == *(const OffsetNumber *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const OffsetNumber *) a > *(const OffsetNumber *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(*(const OffsetNumber *) a, *(const OffsetNumber *) b);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c
index 900fe0d2af..a1a2598a3f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@ x_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	SortedPoint *pa = (SortedPoint *) a;
 	SortedPoint *pb = (SortedPoint *) b;
 
-	if (pa->p->x == pb->p->x)
-		return 0;
-	return (pa->p->x > pb->p->x) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(pa->p->x, pb->p->x);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -98,9 +96,7 @@ y_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	SortedPoint *pa = (SortedPoint *) a;
 	SortedPoint *pb = (SortedPoint *) b;
 
-	if (pa->p->y == pb->p->y)
-		return 0;
-	return (pa->p->y > pb->p->y) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(pa->p->y, pb->p->y);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..4855f1f1de 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return INT_CMP(aa->c, bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
index 0504c465db..c45c015f3c 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
@@ -994,10 +994,5 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return INT_CMP(aa,bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
index 867870aaad..41e34fcb8b 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
@@ -355,9 +355,5 @@ ListComparatorForWalSummaryFiles(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	WalSummaryFile *ws1 = lfirst(a);
 	WalSummaryFile *ws2 = lfirst(b);
 
-	if (ws1->start_lsn < ws2->start_lsn)
-		return -1;
-	if (ws1->start_lsn > ws2->start_lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(ws1->start_lsn, ws2->start_lsn);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index c73f7bcd01..b26d2bf04a 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2758,12 +2758,7 @@ list_cookedconstr_attnum_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 {
 	AttrNumber	v1 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p1))->attnum;
 	AttrNumber	v2 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p2))->attnum;
-
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/list.c b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
index 957186bef5..769c97ee83 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/list.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
@@ -1692,11 +1692,7 @@ list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	int			v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
 	int			v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1708,9 +1704,5 @@ list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
 	Oid			v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(v1, v2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
index 0f4850065f..944f261e38 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
@@ -1425,11 +1425,7 @@ tbm_comparator(const void *left, const void *right)
 	BlockNumber l = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) left))->blockno;
 	BlockNumber r = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) right))->blockno;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(l,r);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_pool.c b/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_pool.c
index 0ec97d5a3f..165ff7a380 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_pool.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_pool.c
@@ -147,12 +147,7 @@ compare(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	const Chromosome *chromo1 = (const Chromosome *) arg1;
 	const Chromosome *chromo2 = (const Chromosome *) arg2;
 
-	if (chromo1->worth == chromo2->worth)
-		return 0;
-	else if (chromo1->worth > chromo2->worth)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return INT_CMP(chromo1->worth, chromo2->worth);
 }
 
 /* alloc_chromo
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 7b211a7743..af3c4da463 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ cmp_list_len_asc(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	int			la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
 	int			lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
 
-	return (la > lb) ? 1 : (la == lb) ? 0 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(la, lb);
 }
 
 /* list_sort comparator to sort sub-lists by length and contents */
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 2c3099f76f..82a6f4a2f0 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -1119,10 +1119,7 @@ rebuild_database_list(Oid newdb)
 static int
 db_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score == ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score < ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score, ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index bbf0966182..5d61a2227e 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -5119,11 +5119,7 @@ file_sort_by_lsn(const ListCell *a_p, const ListCell *b_p)
 	RewriteMappingFile *a = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(a_p);
 	RewriteMappingFile *b = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(b_p);
 
-	if (a->lsn < b->lsn)
-		return -1;
-	else if (a->lsn > b->lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(a->lsn, b->lsn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 2e6493aaaa..6aecce074d 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -698,12 +698,7 @@ cmp_lsn(const void *a, const void *b)
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn1 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) a);
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn2 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) b);
 
-	if (lsn1 > lsn2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (lsn1 == lsn2)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return INT_CMP(lsn2, lsn1);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
index 62bcfc5b56..a46adfe764 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
@@ -259,11 +259,7 @@ oid_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = *((const Oid *) p1);
 	Oid			v2 = *((const Oid *) p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(v1, v2);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
index a62b285365..bd6eac3ea4 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
@@ -136,9 +136,7 @@ compareint(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int32		a = *((const int32 *) va);
 	int32		b = *((const int32 *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(a,b);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -598,10 +596,7 @@ comparecost(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	const SPLITCOST *a = (const SPLITCOST *) va;
 	const SPLITCOST *b = (const SPLITCOST *) vb;
 
-	if (a->cost == b->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (a->cost > b->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(a->cost, b->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
index f0b1c81c81..29d49f45dc 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
@@ -156,10 +156,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost == ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost > ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 #define WISH_F(a,b,c) (double)( -(double)(((a)-(b))*((a)-(b))*((a)-(b)))*(c) )
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
index fb7b7c712a..1875612019 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ compareWordEntryPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			apos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) a);
 	int			bpos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) b);
 
-	if (apos == bpos)
-		return 0;
-	return (apos > bpos) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(apos, bpos);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 71386d0a1f..c17d0599e3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -435,9 +435,7 @@ compare_int(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int			a = *((const int *) va);
 	int			b = *((const int *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(a,b);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
index 63adf5668b..79b35cbd7b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -140,11 +140,7 @@ xidComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	TransactionId xid1 = *(const TransactionId *) arg1;
 	TransactionId xid2 = *(const TransactionId *) arg2;
 
-	if (xid1 > xid2)
-		return 1;
-	if (xid1 < xid2)
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(xid1, xid2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..fd3a56349e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4520,7 +4520,7 @@ AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
 	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	return INT_CMP(ada->adnum, adb->adnum);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..2bfc7e7fe0 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -676,7 +676,5 @@ oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 	Oid			oa = *((const Oid *) a);
 	Oid			ob = *((const Oid *) b);
 
-	if (oa == ob)
-		return 0;
-	return (oa > ob) ? 1 : -1;
+	return INT_CMP(oa, ob);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 84fc83cb11..b689471e53 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -2722,12 +2722,7 @@ enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right)
 	const EnumItem *l = (const EnumItem *) left;
 	const EnumItem *r = (const EnumItem *) right;
 
-	if (l->enum_oid < r->enum_oid)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l->enum_oid > r->enum_oid)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(l->enum_oid, r->enum_oid);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
index aa199b23ff..4cda8dde7f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
@@ -264,14 +264,7 @@ resource_priority_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
 	/* Note: reverse order */
 	if (ra->kind->release_phase == rb->kind->release_phase)
-	{
-		if (ra->kind->release_priority == rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return 0;
-		else if (ra->kind->release_priority > rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 1;
-	}
+		return INT_CMP(ra->kind->release_priority, rb->kind->release_priority);
 	else if (ra->kind->release_phase > rb->kind->release_phase)
 		return -1;
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
index f358dd22b9..72937622ac 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
@@ -1504,9 +1504,5 @@ int_cmp(void *a, void *b, void *arg)
 	int			ai = (int) (intptr_t) a;
 	int			bi = (int) (intptr_t) b;
 
-	if (ai < bi)
-		return -1;
-	if (ai > bi)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(ai, bi);
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..d21c534d7c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
 	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int lhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int rhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return INT_CMP(slen1, slen2);
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+	return INT_CMP(lhsdb, rhsdb);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
index 1341c83c69..2de4547279 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
@@ -219,12 +219,7 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return INT_CMP(aa, bb);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..50f24055b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -709,5 +709,5 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	return INT_CMP(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_private.h b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
index 51d0c74a6b..da5646ab41 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_private.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
@@ -489,12 +489,7 @@ ginCompareItemPointers(ItemPointer a, ItemPointer b)
 	uint64		ia = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(a) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(a);
 	uint64		ib = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(b) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(b);
 
-	if (ia == ib)
-		return 0;
-	else if (ia > ib)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return INT_CMP(ia, ib);
 }
 
 extern int	ginTraverseLock(Buffer buffer, bool searchMode);
diff --git a/src/include/c.h b/src/include/c.h
index 2e3ea206e1..114c3373ca 100644
--- a/src/include/c.h
+++ b/src/include/c.h
@@ -1090,6 +1090,14 @@ extern void ExceptionalCondition(const char *conditionName,
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
+/*
+ * Compare two integers and return -1, 0, or 1 without risking overflow.
+ *
+ * This macro is used to avoid running into overflow issues because a simple
+ * subtraction of the two values when implementing a cmp function for qsort().
+*/
+#define INT_CMP(lhs,rhs) (((lhs) > (rhs)) - ((lhs) < (rhs)))
+
 /*
  * Invert the sign of a qsort-style comparison result, ie, exchange negative
  * and positive integer values, being careful not to get the wrong answer
-- 
2.34.1

From 6980199cefde28b4ccf5f0fc3d89e001e8b0c4ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 14:53:53 +0100
Subject: Add integer comparison functions for qsort()

Introduce functions pg_cmp_xyz() that will standardize integer comparison
for implementing comparison function for qsort(). The functions will
returns negative, 0, or positive integer without risking overflow as a
result of subtracting the two integers, which is otherwise a common
pattern for implementing this.

For integer sizes less than sizeof(int) we can use normal subtraction,
which is faster, but for integers with size greater than or equal to
sizeof(int) we need to handle this differently.
---
 contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c                  |  2 +-
 contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c               |  2 +-
 .../pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c   |  7 +---
 contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c                     |  7 +---
 contrib/seg/seg.c                             |  7 +---
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c         |  8 +---
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c           | 10 ++---
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c       |  8 +---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c       |  5 +--
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c       |  3 +-
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c   |  8 +---
 src/backend/backup/walsummary.c               |  7 +---
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                    |  8 +---
 src/backend/nodes/list.c                      | 13 ++----
 src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c                 |  7 +---
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                |  3 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c           |  6 +--
 .../replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c       |  7 +---
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c             |  8 +---
 src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c                   |  7 +---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c             | 10 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c          |  6 +--
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c              |  5 +--
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c           |  5 +--
 src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c                   |  7 +---
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c            |  3 +-
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c            |  5 +--
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c            |  8 +---
 src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c         | 10 +----
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                |  7 +---
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c                 | 13 +++---
 src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c         |  8 +---
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c                   |  3 +-
 src/include/access/gin_private.h              |  8 +---
 src/include/common/int.h                      | 41 +++++++++++++++++++
 35 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 160 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index fe343739eb..e125b76290 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return INT_CMP(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
index 8c6c4b5d05..7f0deda34d 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return INT_CMP(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
index 8c6a3a2d08..f32e6868ed 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
@@ -3007,10 +3007,5 @@ comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			l = ((const LocationLen *) a)->location;
 	int			r = ((const LocationLen *) b)->location;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return +1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return INT_CMP(l, r);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
index 49d4497b4f..f6020141a2 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
@@ -433,12 +433,7 @@ comp_ptrgm(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
 
-	if (p1->index < p2->index)
-		return -1;
-	else if (p1->index == p2->index)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return INT_CMP(p1->index, p2->index);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/contrib/seg/seg.c b/contrib/seg/seg.c
index 7f9fc24eb4..ff2ffaf8c7 100644
--- a/contrib/seg/seg.c
+++ b/contrib/seg/seg.c
@@ -300,12 +300,7 @@ gseg_picksplit_item_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const gseg_picksplit_item *i1 = (const gseg_picksplit_item *) a;
 	const gseg_picksplit_item *i2 = (const gseg_picksplit_item *) b;
 
-	if (i1->center < i2->center)
-		return -1;
-	else if (i1->center == i2->center)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return INT_CMP(i1->center, i2->center);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
index 709edd1c17..9cfe4cc094 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -3013,10 +3014,5 @@ _bt_blk_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	BlockNumber b1 = *((BlockNumber *) arg1);
 	BlockNumber b2 = *((BlockNumber *) arg2);
 
-	if (b1 < b2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (b1 > b2)
-		return 1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(b1, b2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index 567bade9f4..b8dd9fd12b 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/indexfsm.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -1466,14 +1467,9 @@ _bt_delitems_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete1 = (TM_IndexDelete *) a;
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete2 = (TM_IndexDelete *) b;
 
-	if (indexdelete1->id > indexdelete2->id)
-		return 1;
-	if (indexdelete1->id < indexdelete2->id)
-		return -1;
+	Assert(INT_CMP(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id) != 0);
 
-	Assert(false);
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
index d0b1d82578..0bcc8e90ae 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/nbtree.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
 
 typedef enum
@@ -596,12 +597,7 @@ _bt_splitcmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	SplitPoint *split1 = (SplitPoint *) arg1;
 	SplitPoint *split2 = (SplitPoint *) arg2;
 
-	if (split1->curdelta > split2->curdelta)
-		return 1;
-	if (split1->curdelta < split2->curdelta)
-		return -1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(split1->curdelta,  split2->curdelta);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
index bb063c858d..8695370139 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/spgxlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
@@ -110,9 +111,7 @@ addNode(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple tuple, Datum label, int offset)
 static int
 cmpOffsetNumbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const OffsetNumber *) a == *(const OffsetNumber *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const OffsetNumber *) a > *(const OffsetNumber *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u16(*(const OffsetNumber *) a, *(const OffsetNumber *) b);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..d5db5225a9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/spgist.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(aa->c, bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
index 0504c465db..d08dfb740b 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/parse_manifest.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "postmaster/walsummarizer.h"
 
 #define	BLOCKS_PER_READ			512
@@ -994,10 +995,5 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa,bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
index 867870aaad..4d047e1c02 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "backup/walsummary.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "utils/wait_event.h"
 
 static bool IsWalSummaryFilename(char *filename);
@@ -355,9 +356,5 @@ ListComparatorForWalSummaryFiles(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	WalSummaryFile *ws1 = lfirst(a);
 	WalSummaryFile *ws2 = lfirst(b);
 
-	if (ws1->start_lsn < ws2->start_lsn)
-		return -1;
-	if (ws1->start_lsn > ws2->start_lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ws1->start_lsn, ws2->start_lsn);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index c73f7bcd01..f8145d4cf5 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/storage.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/typecmds.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2758,12 +2759,7 @@ list_cookedconstr_attnum_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 {
 	AttrNumber	v1 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p1))->attnum;
 	AttrNumber	v2 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p2))->attnum;
-
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/list.c b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
index 957186bef5..e2615ab105 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/list.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/pg_list.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "utils/memdebug.h"
@@ -1692,11 +1693,7 @@ list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	int			v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
 	int			v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1708,9 +1705,5 @@ list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
 	Oid			v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
index 0f4850065f..79e54ba111 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
 #include "nodes/tidbitmap.h"
 #include "storage/lwlock.h"
@@ -1425,11 +1426,7 @@ tbm_comparator(const void *left, const void *right)
 	BlockNumber l = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) left))->blockno;
 	BlockNumber r = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) right))->blockno;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l,r);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 7b211a7743..9d151a880b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -1760,7 +1761,7 @@ cmp_list_len_asc(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	int			la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
 	int			lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
 
-	return (la > lb) ? 1 : (la == lb) ? 0 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(la, lb);
 }
 
 /* list_sort comparator to sort sub-lists by length and contents */
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 2c3099f76f..483244254f 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_database.h"
 #include "commands/dbcommands.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -1119,10 +1120,7 @@ rebuild_database_list(Oid newdb)
 static int
 db_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score == ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score < ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score, ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index bbf0966182..5446df3c64 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
@@ -5119,11 +5120,7 @@ file_sort_by_lsn(const ListCell *a_p, const ListCell *b_p)
 	RewriteMappingFile *a = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(a_p);
 	RewriteMappingFile *b = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(b_p);
 
-	if (a->lsn < b->lsn)
-		return -1;
-	else if (a->lsn > b->lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(a->lsn, b->lsn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 2e6493aaaa..bfcd8fa13e 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "replication/syncrep.h"
@@ -698,12 +699,7 @@ cmp_lsn(const void *a, const void *b)
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn1 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) a);
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn2 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) b);
 
-	if (lsn1 > lsn2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (lsn1 == lsn2)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(lsn2, lsn1);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
index 62bcfc5b56..56fb1fd77c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/value.h"
@@ -259,11 +260,7 @@ oid_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = *((const Oid *) p1);
 	Oid			v2 = *((const Oid *) p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
index a62b285365..225f0d49cb 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/heaptoast.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
@@ -136,9 +137,7 @@ compareint(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int32		a = *((const int32 *) va);
 	int32		b = *((const int32 *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -598,10 +597,7 @@ comparecost(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	const SPLITCOST *a = (const SPLITCOST *) va;
 	const SPLITCOST *b = (const SPLITCOST *) vb;
 
-	if (a->cost == b->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (a->cost > b->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a->cost, b->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
index f0b1c81c81..0b3355f7fe 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
@@ -156,10 +157,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost == ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost > ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 #define WISH_F(a,b,c) (double)( -(double)(((a)-(b))*((a)-(b))*((a)-(b)))*(c) )
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
index fb7b7c712a..10bc4f2234 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_locale.h"
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ compareWordEntryPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			apos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) a);
 	int			bpos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) b);
 
-	if (apos == bpos)
-		return 0;
-	return (apos > bpos) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(apos, bpos);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 71386d0a1f..70bdc09dd7 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
@@ -435,9 +436,7 @@ compare_int(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int			a = *((const int *) va);
 	int			b = *((const int *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
index 63adf5668b..ae273b1961 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/multixact.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/xid8.h"
@@ -140,11 +141,7 @@ xidComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	TransactionId xid1 = *(const TransactionId *) arg1;
 	TransactionId xid2 = *(const TransactionId *) arg2;
 
-	if (xid1 > xid2)
-		return 1;
-	if (xid1 < xid2)
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(xid1, xid2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..50acae4529 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "commands/policy.h"
 #include "commands/publicationcmds.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
@@ -4520,7 +4521,7 @@ AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
 	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(ada->adnum, adb->adnum);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..a7c9c23399 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shdepend_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdescription_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "utils/catcache.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
@@ -676,7 +677,5 @@ oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 	Oid			oa = *((const Oid *) a);
 	Oid			ob = *((const Oid *) b);
 
-	if (oa == ob)
-		return 0;
-	return (oa > ob) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(oa, ob);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 84fc83cb11..2842bde907 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/defrem.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "lib/dshash.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2722,12 +2723,7 @@ enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right)
 	const EnumItem *l = (const EnumItem *) left;
 	const EnumItem *r = (const EnumItem *) right;
 
-	if (l->enum_oid < r->enum_oid)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l->enum_oid > r->enum_oid)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l->enum_oid, r->enum_oid);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
index aa199b23ff..a75efd9adc 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/predicate.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
@@ -264,14 +265,7 @@ resource_priority_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
 	/* Note: reverse order */
 	if (ra->kind->release_phase == rb->kind->release_phase)
-	{
-		if (ra->kind->release_priority == rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return 0;
-		else if (ra->kind->release_priority > rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 1;
-	}
+		return pg_cmp_u32(ra->kind->release_priority, rb->kind->release_priority);
 	else if (ra->kind->release_phase > rb->kind->release_phase)
 		return -1;
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
index f358dd22b9..8ee8a42781 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
 #include "pg_backup_utils.h"
@@ -1504,9 +1505,5 @@ int_cmp(void *a, void *b, void *arg)
 	int			ai = (int) (intptr_t) a;
 	int			bi = (int) (intptr_t) b;
 
-	if (ai < bi)
-		return -1;
-	if (ai > bi)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(ai, bi);
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..ab1870d012 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_language_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 
 /*
@@ -29,17 +30,17 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
 	const char *str1 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->name;
 	const char *str2 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->name;
-	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
-	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
+	size_t			slen1 = strlen(str1);
+	size_t			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int lhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int rhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return pg_cmp_s32(slen1, slen2);
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(lhsdb, rhsdb);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
index 1341c83c69..39f77d159b 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
@@ -219,12 +220,7 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa, bb);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..305ed4ab0a 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "crosstabview.h"
 #include "pqexpbuffer.h"
@@ -709,5 +710,5 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_private.h b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
index 51d0c74a6b..3013a44bae 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_private.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "access/gin.h"
 #include "access/ginblock.h"
 #include "access/itup.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "lib/rbtree.h"
@@ -489,12 +490,7 @@ ginCompareItemPointers(ItemPointer a, ItemPointer b)
 	uint64		ia = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(a) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(a);
 	uint64		ib = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(b) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(b);
 
-	if (ia == ib)
-		return 0;
-	else if (ia > ib)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ia, ib);
 }
 
 extern int	ginTraverseLock(Buffer buffer, bool searchMode);
diff --git a/src/include/common/int.h b/src/include/common/int.h
index fedf7b3999..3123d8d59d 100644
--- a/src/include/common/int.h
+++ b/src/include/common/int.h
@@ -438,4 +438,45 @@ pg_mul_u64_overflow(uint64 a, uint64 b, uint64 *result)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Comparison routines for integers
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s16(int16 a, int16 b)
+{
+	return a - b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u16(uint16 a, uint16 b)
+{
+	return a - b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s32(int32 a, int32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u32(uint32 a, uint32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s64(int64 a, int64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u64(uint64 a, uint64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
 #endif							/* COMMON_INT_H */
-- 
2.34.1

From 84ed91e96f950cdb92952c8248b2c754d3c4a034 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 21:48:27 +0100
Subject: Use integer comparison functions

Use overflow-safe integer functions when implementing
qsort() comparison functions.
---
 contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c                    |  3 ++-
 contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c                 |  3 ++-
 contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c |  8 ++------
 contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c                       |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c           |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c             | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c         |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c         |  5 ++---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c         |  3 ++-
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c     |  8 ++------
 src/backend/backup/walsummary.c                 |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                      |  8 ++------
 src/backend/nodes/list.c                        | 13 +++----------
 src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c                   |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                  |  7 ++++---
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c             |  6 ++----
 src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c               |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c               | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c            |  6 ++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c                |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c             |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c              |  3 ++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c              |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c              |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c           | 10 ++--------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                  |  7 ++-----
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c                   | 13 +++++++------
 src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c           |  8 ++------
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c                     |  3 ++-
 src/include/access/gin_private.h                |  8 ++------
 33 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index fe343739eb..1079f25bf7 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "hstore.h"
 #include "utils/pg_crc.h"
 
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
index 8c6c4b5d05..aef9e13dcc 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 #define GETENTRY(vec,pos) ((GISTTYPE *) DatumGetPointer((vec)->vector[(pos)].key))
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
index 8c6a3a2d08..67cec865ba 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/instrument.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
@@ -3007,10 +3008,5 @@ comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			l = ((const LocationLen *) a)->location;
 	int			r = ((const LocationLen *) b)->location;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return +1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(l, r);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
index 49d4497b4f..c509d15ee4 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "trgm.h"
@@ -433,12 +434,7 @@ comp_ptrgm(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
 
-	if (p1->index < p2->index)
-		return -1;
-	else if (p1->index == p2->index)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(p1->index, p2->index);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
index 709edd1c17..9cfe4cc094 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -3013,10 +3014,5 @@ _bt_blk_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	BlockNumber b1 = *((BlockNumber *) arg1);
 	BlockNumber b2 = *((BlockNumber *) arg2);
 
-	if (b1 < b2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (b1 > b2)
-		return 1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(b1, b2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index 567bade9f4..0f712cea57 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/indexfsm.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -1466,14 +1467,9 @@ _bt_delitems_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete1 = (TM_IndexDelete *) a;
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete2 = (TM_IndexDelete *) b;
 
-	if (indexdelete1->id > indexdelete2->id)
-		return 1;
-	if (indexdelete1->id < indexdelete2->id)
-		return -1;
+	Assert(pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id) != 0);
 
-	Assert(false);
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
index d0b1d82578..0bcc8e90ae 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/nbtree.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
 
 typedef enum
@@ -596,12 +597,7 @@ _bt_splitcmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	SplitPoint *split1 = (SplitPoint *) arg1;
 	SplitPoint *split2 = (SplitPoint *) arg2;
 
-	if (split1->curdelta > split2->curdelta)
-		return 1;
-	if (split1->curdelta < split2->curdelta)
-		return -1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(split1->curdelta,  split2->curdelta);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
index bb063c858d..8695370139 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/spgxlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
@@ -110,9 +111,7 @@ addNode(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple tuple, Datum label, int offset)
 static int
 cmpOffsetNumbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const OffsetNumber *) a == *(const OffsetNumber *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const OffsetNumber *) a > *(const OffsetNumber *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u16(*(const OffsetNumber *) a, *(const OffsetNumber *) b);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..d5db5225a9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/spgist.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(aa->c, bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
index 0504c465db..d08dfb740b 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/parse_manifest.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "postmaster/walsummarizer.h"
 
 #define	BLOCKS_PER_READ			512
@@ -994,10 +995,5 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa,bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
index 867870aaad..4d047e1c02 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "backup/walsummary.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "utils/wait_event.h"
 
 static bool IsWalSummaryFilename(char *filename);
@@ -355,9 +356,5 @@ ListComparatorForWalSummaryFiles(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	WalSummaryFile *ws1 = lfirst(a);
 	WalSummaryFile *ws2 = lfirst(b);
 
-	if (ws1->start_lsn < ws2->start_lsn)
-		return -1;
-	if (ws1->start_lsn > ws2->start_lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ws1->start_lsn, ws2->start_lsn);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index c73f7bcd01..f8145d4cf5 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/storage.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/typecmds.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2758,12 +2759,7 @@ list_cookedconstr_attnum_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 {
 	AttrNumber	v1 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p1))->attnum;
 	AttrNumber	v2 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p2))->attnum;
-
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/list.c b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
index 957186bef5..e2615ab105 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/list.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/pg_list.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "utils/memdebug.h"
@@ -1692,11 +1693,7 @@ list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	int			v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
 	int			v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1708,9 +1705,5 @@ list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
 	Oid			v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
index 0f4850065f..79e54ba111 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
 #include "nodes/tidbitmap.h"
 #include "storage/lwlock.h"
@@ -1425,11 +1426,7 @@ tbm_comparator(const void *left, const void *right)
 	BlockNumber l = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) left))->blockno;
 	BlockNumber r = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) right))->blockno;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l,r);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 7b211a7743..a50d799f03 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -1757,10 +1758,10 @@ expand_groupingset_node(GroupingSet *gs)
 static int
 cmp_list_len_asc(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 {
-	int			la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
-	int			lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
+	size_t		la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
+	size_t		lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
 
-	return (la > lb) ? 1 : (la == lb) ? 0 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_size(la, lb);
 }
 
 /* list_sort comparator to sort sub-lists by length and contents */
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 2c3099f76f..483244254f 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_database.h"
 #include "commands/dbcommands.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -1119,10 +1120,7 @@ rebuild_database_list(Oid newdb)
 static int
 db_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score == ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score < ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score, ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index bbf0966182..5446df3c64 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
@@ -5119,11 +5120,7 @@ file_sort_by_lsn(const ListCell *a_p, const ListCell *b_p)
 	RewriteMappingFile *a = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(a_p);
 	RewriteMappingFile *b = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(b_p);
 
-	if (a->lsn < b->lsn)
-		return -1;
-	else if (a->lsn > b->lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(a->lsn, b->lsn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 2e6493aaaa..bfcd8fa13e 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "replication/syncrep.h"
@@ -698,12 +699,7 @@ cmp_lsn(const void *a, const void *b)
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn1 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) a);
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn2 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) b);
 
-	if (lsn1 > lsn2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (lsn1 == lsn2)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(lsn2, lsn1);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
index 62bcfc5b56..56fb1fd77c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/value.h"
@@ -259,11 +260,7 @@ oid_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = *((const Oid *) p1);
 	Oid			v2 = *((const Oid *) p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
index a62b285365..225f0d49cb 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/heaptoast.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
@@ -136,9 +137,7 @@ compareint(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int32		a = *((const int32 *) va);
 	int32		b = *((const int32 *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -598,10 +597,7 @@ comparecost(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	const SPLITCOST *a = (const SPLITCOST *) va;
 	const SPLITCOST *b = (const SPLITCOST *) vb;
 
-	if (a->cost == b->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (a->cost > b->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a->cost, b->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
index f0b1c81c81..0b3355f7fe 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
@@ -156,10 +157,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost == ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost > ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 #define WISH_F(a,b,c) (double)( -(double)(((a)-(b))*((a)-(b))*((a)-(b)))*(c) )
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
index fb7b7c712a..10bc4f2234 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_locale.h"
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ compareWordEntryPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			apos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) a);
 	int			bpos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) b);
 
-	if (apos == bpos)
-		return 0;
-	return (apos > bpos) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(apos, bpos);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 71386d0a1f..70bdc09dd7 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
@@ -435,9 +436,7 @@ compare_int(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int			a = *((const int *) va);
 	int			b = *((const int *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
index 63adf5668b..ae273b1961 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/multixact.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/xid8.h"
@@ -140,11 +141,7 @@ xidComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	TransactionId xid1 = *(const TransactionId *) arg1;
 	TransactionId xid2 = *(const TransactionId *) arg2;
 
-	if (xid1 > xid2)
-		return 1;
-	if (xid1 < xid2)
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(xid1, xid2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..50acae4529 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "commands/policy.h"
 #include "commands/publicationcmds.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
@@ -4520,7 +4521,7 @@ AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
 	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(ada->adnum, adb->adnum);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..a7c9c23399 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shdepend_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdescription_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "utils/catcache.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
@@ -676,7 +677,5 @@ oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 	Oid			oa = *((const Oid *) a);
 	Oid			ob = *((const Oid *) b);
 
-	if (oa == ob)
-		return 0;
-	return (oa > ob) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(oa, ob);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 84fc83cb11..2842bde907 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/defrem.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "lib/dshash.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2722,12 +2723,7 @@ enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right)
 	const EnumItem *l = (const EnumItem *) left;
 	const EnumItem *r = (const EnumItem *) right;
 
-	if (l->enum_oid < r->enum_oid)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l->enum_oid > r->enum_oid)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l->enum_oid, r->enum_oid);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
index aa199b23ff..a75efd9adc 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/predicate.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
@@ -264,14 +265,7 @@ resource_priority_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
 	/* Note: reverse order */
 	if (ra->kind->release_phase == rb->kind->release_phase)
-	{
-		if (ra->kind->release_priority == rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return 0;
-		else if (ra->kind->release_priority > rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 1;
-	}
+		return pg_cmp_u32(ra->kind->release_priority, rb->kind->release_priority);
 	else if (ra->kind->release_phase > rb->kind->release_phase)
 		return -1;
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
index f358dd22b9..8ee8a42781 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
 #include "pg_backup_utils.h"
@@ -1504,9 +1505,5 @@ int_cmp(void *a, void *b, void *arg)
 	int			ai = (int) (intptr_t) a;
 	int			bi = (int) (intptr_t) b;
 
-	if (ai < bi)
-		return -1;
-	if (ai > bi)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(ai, bi);
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..3cbe2e5f1c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_language_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 
 /*
@@ -29,17 +30,17 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
 	const char *str1 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->name;
 	const char *str2 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->name;
-	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
-	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
+	size_t			slen1 = strlen(str1);
+	size_t			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int lhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int rhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return pg_cmp_size(slen1, slen2);
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(lhsdb, rhsdb);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
index 1341c83c69..39f77d159b 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
@@ -219,12 +220,7 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa, bb);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..305ed4ab0a 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "crosstabview.h"
 #include "pqexpbuffer.h"
@@ -709,5 +710,5 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_private.h b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
index 51d0c74a6b..3013a44bae 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_private.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "access/gin.h"
 #include "access/ginblock.h"
 #include "access/itup.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "lib/rbtree.h"
@@ -489,12 +490,7 @@ ginCompareItemPointers(ItemPointer a, ItemPointer b)
 	uint64		ia = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(a) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(a);
 	uint64		ib = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(b) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(b);
 
-	if (ia == ib)
-		return 0;
-	else if (ia > ib)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ia, ib);
 }
 
 extern int	ginTraverseLock(Buffer buffer, bool searchMode);
-- 
2.34.1

From fc051295976bd79c44b9980044e335c424dc2170 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 21:24:42 +0100
Subject: Add integer comparison functions

Introduce functions pg_cmp_xyz() that will standardize integer comparison
for implementing comparison function for qsort(). The functions will
returns negative, 0, or positive integer without risking overflow as a
result of subtracting the two integers, which is otherwise a common
pattern for implementing this.

For integer sizes less than sizeof(int) we can use normal subtraction,
which is faster, but for integers with size greater than or equal to
sizeof(int) we need to handle this differently.
---
 src/include/common/int.h | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/include/common/int.h b/src/include/common/int.h
index fedf7b3999..5aa856980a 100644
--- a/src/include/common/int.h
+++ b/src/include/common/int.h
@@ -438,4 +438,51 @@ pg_mul_u64_overflow(uint64 a, uint64 b, uint64 *result)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Comparison routines for integers
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s16(int16 a, int16 b)
+{
+	return (int32)a - (int32)b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u16(uint16 a, uint16 b)
+{
+	return (int32)a - (int32)b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s32(int32 a, int32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u32(uint32 a, uint32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s64(int64 a, int64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u64(uint64 a, uint64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
 #endif							/* COMMON_INT_H */
-- 
2.34.1

From b68f08b6afd62b75755e88f11a3ca31cfdce2645 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 21:48:27 +0100
Subject: Use integer comparison functions

Use overflow-safe integer functions when implementing
qsort() comparison functions.
---
 contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c                    |  3 ++-
 contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c                 |  3 ++-
 contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c |  8 ++------
 contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c                       |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c           |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c             | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c         |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c         |  5 ++---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c         |  3 ++-
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c     |  8 ++------
 src/backend/backup/walsummary.c                 |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                      |  8 ++------
 src/backend/nodes/list.c                        | 13 +++----------
 src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c                   |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                  |  7 ++++---
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c             |  6 ++----
 src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c               |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c               | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c            |  6 ++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c                |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c             |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c              |  3 ++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c              |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c              |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c           | 10 ++--------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                  |  7 ++-----
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c                   | 13 +++++++------
 src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c           |  8 ++------
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c                     |  3 ++-
 src/include/access/gin_private.h                |  8 ++------
 33 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index fe343739eb..1079f25bf7 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "hstore.h"
 #include "utils/pg_crc.h"
 
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
index 8c6c4b5d05..aef9e13dcc 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 #define GETENTRY(vec,pos) ((GISTTYPE *) DatumGetPointer((vec)->vector[(pos)].key))
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
index 8c6a3a2d08..67cec865ba 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/instrument.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
@@ -3007,10 +3008,5 @@ comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			l = ((const LocationLen *) a)->location;
 	int			r = ((const LocationLen *) b)->location;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return +1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(l, r);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
index 49d4497b4f..c509d15ee4 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "trgm.h"
@@ -433,12 +434,7 @@ comp_ptrgm(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
 
-	if (p1->index < p2->index)
-		return -1;
-	else if (p1->index == p2->index)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(p1->index, p2->index);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
index 709edd1c17..9cfe4cc094 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -3013,10 +3014,5 @@ _bt_blk_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	BlockNumber b1 = *((BlockNumber *) arg1);
 	BlockNumber b2 = *((BlockNumber *) arg2);
 
-	if (b1 < b2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (b1 > b2)
-		return 1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(b1, b2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index 567bade9f4..0f712cea57 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/indexfsm.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -1466,14 +1467,9 @@ _bt_delitems_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete1 = (TM_IndexDelete *) a;
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete2 = (TM_IndexDelete *) b;
 
-	if (indexdelete1->id > indexdelete2->id)
-		return 1;
-	if (indexdelete1->id < indexdelete2->id)
-		return -1;
+	Assert(pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id) != 0);
 
-	Assert(false);
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
index d0b1d82578..0bcc8e90ae 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/nbtree.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
 
 typedef enum
@@ -596,12 +597,7 @@ _bt_splitcmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	SplitPoint *split1 = (SplitPoint *) arg1;
 	SplitPoint *split2 = (SplitPoint *) arg2;
 
-	if (split1->curdelta > split2->curdelta)
-		return 1;
-	if (split1->curdelta < split2->curdelta)
-		return -1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(split1->curdelta,  split2->curdelta);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
index bb063c858d..8695370139 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/spgxlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
@@ -110,9 +111,7 @@ addNode(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple tuple, Datum label, int offset)
 static int
 cmpOffsetNumbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const OffsetNumber *) a == *(const OffsetNumber *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const OffsetNumber *) a > *(const OffsetNumber *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u16(*(const OffsetNumber *) a, *(const OffsetNumber *) b);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..d5db5225a9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/spgist.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(aa->c, bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
index 0504c465db..d08dfb740b 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/parse_manifest.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "postmaster/walsummarizer.h"
 
 #define	BLOCKS_PER_READ			512
@@ -994,10 +995,5 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa,bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
index 867870aaad..4d047e1c02 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "backup/walsummary.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "utils/wait_event.h"
 
 static bool IsWalSummaryFilename(char *filename);
@@ -355,9 +356,5 @@ ListComparatorForWalSummaryFiles(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	WalSummaryFile *ws1 = lfirst(a);
 	WalSummaryFile *ws2 = lfirst(b);
 
-	if (ws1->start_lsn < ws2->start_lsn)
-		return -1;
-	if (ws1->start_lsn > ws2->start_lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ws1->start_lsn, ws2->start_lsn);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index c73f7bcd01..f8145d4cf5 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/storage.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/typecmds.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2758,12 +2759,7 @@ list_cookedconstr_attnum_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 {
 	AttrNumber	v1 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p1))->attnum;
 	AttrNumber	v2 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p2))->attnum;
-
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/list.c b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
index 957186bef5..e2615ab105 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/list.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/pg_list.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "utils/memdebug.h"
@@ -1692,11 +1693,7 @@ list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	int			v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
 	int			v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1708,9 +1705,5 @@ list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
 	Oid			v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
index 0f4850065f..79e54ba111 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
 #include "nodes/tidbitmap.h"
 #include "storage/lwlock.h"
@@ -1425,11 +1426,7 @@ tbm_comparator(const void *left, const void *right)
 	BlockNumber l = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) left))->blockno;
 	BlockNumber r = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) right))->blockno;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l,r);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 7b211a7743..a50d799f03 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -1757,10 +1758,10 @@ expand_groupingset_node(GroupingSet *gs)
 static int
 cmp_list_len_asc(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 {
-	int			la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
-	int			lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
+	size_t		la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
+	size_t		lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
 
-	return (la > lb) ? 1 : (la == lb) ? 0 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_size(la, lb);
 }
 
 /* list_sort comparator to sort sub-lists by length and contents */
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 2c3099f76f..483244254f 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_database.h"
 #include "commands/dbcommands.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -1119,10 +1120,7 @@ rebuild_database_list(Oid newdb)
 static int
 db_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score == ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score < ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score, ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index bbf0966182..5446df3c64 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
@@ -5119,11 +5120,7 @@ file_sort_by_lsn(const ListCell *a_p, const ListCell *b_p)
 	RewriteMappingFile *a = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(a_p);
 	RewriteMappingFile *b = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(b_p);
 
-	if (a->lsn < b->lsn)
-		return -1;
-	else if (a->lsn > b->lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(a->lsn, b->lsn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 2e6493aaaa..bfcd8fa13e 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "replication/syncrep.h"
@@ -698,12 +699,7 @@ cmp_lsn(const void *a, const void *b)
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn1 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) a);
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn2 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) b);
 
-	if (lsn1 > lsn2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (lsn1 == lsn2)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(lsn2, lsn1);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
index 62bcfc5b56..56fb1fd77c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/value.h"
@@ -259,11 +260,7 @@ oid_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = *((const Oid *) p1);
 	Oid			v2 = *((const Oid *) p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
index a62b285365..225f0d49cb 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/heaptoast.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
@@ -136,9 +137,7 @@ compareint(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int32		a = *((const int32 *) va);
 	int32		b = *((const int32 *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -598,10 +597,7 @@ comparecost(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	const SPLITCOST *a = (const SPLITCOST *) va;
 	const SPLITCOST *b = (const SPLITCOST *) vb;
 
-	if (a->cost == b->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (a->cost > b->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a->cost, b->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
index f0b1c81c81..0b3355f7fe 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
@@ -156,10 +157,7 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost == ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost > ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost, ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 #define WISH_F(a,b,c) (double)( -(double)(((a)-(b))*((a)-(b))*((a)-(b)))*(c) )
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
index fb7b7c712a..10bc4f2234 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_locale.h"
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ compareWordEntryPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			apos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) a);
 	int			bpos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) b);
 
-	if (apos == bpos)
-		return 0;
-	return (apos > bpos) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(apos, bpos);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 71386d0a1f..70bdc09dd7 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
@@ -435,9 +436,7 @@ compare_int(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int			a = *((const int *) va);
 	int			b = *((const int *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a,b);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
index 63adf5668b..ae273b1961 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/multixact.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/xid8.h"
@@ -140,11 +141,7 @@ xidComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	TransactionId xid1 = *(const TransactionId *) arg1;
 	TransactionId xid2 = *(const TransactionId *) arg2;
 
-	if (xid1 > xid2)
-		return 1;
-	if (xid1 < xid2)
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(xid1, xid2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..50acae4529 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "commands/policy.h"
 #include "commands/publicationcmds.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
@@ -4520,7 +4521,7 @@ AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
 	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(ada->adnum, adb->adnum);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..a7c9c23399 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shdepend_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdescription_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "utils/catcache.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
@@ -676,7 +677,5 @@ oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 	Oid			oa = *((const Oid *) a);
 	Oid			ob = *((const Oid *) b);
 
-	if (oa == ob)
-		return 0;
-	return (oa > ob) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(oa, ob);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 84fc83cb11..2842bde907 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/defrem.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "lib/dshash.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2722,12 +2723,7 @@ enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right)
 	const EnumItem *l = (const EnumItem *) left;
 	const EnumItem *r = (const EnumItem *) right;
 
-	if (l->enum_oid < r->enum_oid)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l->enum_oid > r->enum_oid)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l->enum_oid, r->enum_oid);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
index aa199b23ff..ab9343bc5c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/predicate.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
@@ -264,14 +265,7 @@ resource_priority_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
 	/* Note: reverse order */
 	if (ra->kind->release_phase == rb->kind->release_phase)
-	{
-		if (ra->kind->release_priority == rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return 0;
-		else if (ra->kind->release_priority > rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 1;
-	}
+		return pg_cmp_u32(rb->kind->release_priority, ra->kind->release_priority);
 	else if (ra->kind->release_phase > rb->kind->release_phase)
 		return -1;
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
index f358dd22b9..8ee8a42781 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
 #include "pg_backup_utils.h"
@@ -1504,9 +1505,5 @@ int_cmp(void *a, void *b, void *arg)
 	int			ai = (int) (intptr_t) a;
 	int			bi = (int) (intptr_t) b;
 
-	if (ai < bi)
-		return -1;
-	if (ai > bi)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(ai, bi);
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..3cbe2e5f1c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_language_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 
 /*
@@ -29,17 +30,17 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
 	const char *str1 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->name;
 	const char *str2 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->name;
-	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
-	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
+	size_t			slen1 = strlen(str1);
+	size_t			slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
+	int lhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum;
+	int rhsdb = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return pg_cmp_size(slen1, slen2);
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(lhsdb, rhsdb);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
index 1341c83c69..39f77d159b 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
@@ -219,12 +220,7 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa, bb);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..305ed4ab0a 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "crosstabview.h"
 #include "pqexpbuffer.h"
@@ -709,5 +710,5 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_private.h b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
index 51d0c74a6b..3013a44bae 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_private.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "access/gin.h"
 #include "access/ginblock.h"
 #include "access/itup.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "lib/rbtree.h"
@@ -489,12 +490,7 @@ ginCompareItemPointers(ItemPointer a, ItemPointer b)
 	uint64		ia = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(a) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(a);
 	uint64		ib = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(b) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(b);
 
-	if (ia == ib)
-		return 0;
-	else if (ia > ib)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ia, ib);
 }
 
 extern int	ginTraverseLock(Buffer buffer, bool searchMode);
-- 
2.34.1

From c7e912f36f193b299a42c6e98dc31a78d9957395 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mats Kindahl <mats@timescale.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 21:24:42 +0100
Subject: Add integer comparison functions

Introduce functions pg_cmp_xyz() that will standardize integer comparison
for implementing comparison function for qsort(). The functions will
returns negative, 0, or positive integer without risking overflow as a
result of subtracting the two integers, which is otherwise a common
pattern for implementing this.

For integer sizes less than sizeof(int) we can use normal subtraction,
which is faster, but for integers with size greater than or equal to
sizeof(int) we need to handle this differently.
---
 src/include/common/int.h | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/include/common/int.h b/src/include/common/int.h
index fedf7b3999..03afc04b2e 100644
--- a/src/include/common/int.h
+++ b/src/include/common/int.h
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * int.h
- *	  Routines to perform integer math, while checking for overflows.
+ *	  Routines to perform signed and unsigned integer arithmetics, including
+ *	  comparisons, in an overflow-safe way.
  *
  * The routines in this file are intended to be well defined C, without
  * relying on compiler flags like -fwrapv.
@@ -438,4 +439,56 @@ pg_mul_u64_overflow(uint64 a, uint64 b, uint64 *result)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Comparison routines for integers.
+ *
+ * These routines are used to implement comparison functions for, e.g.,
+ * qsort(). They are designed to be efficient and not risk overflows in
+ * internal computations that could cause strange results, such as INT_MIN >
+ * INT_MAX if you just return "lhs - rhs".
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s16(int16 a, int16 b)
+{
+	return (int32)a - (int32)b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u16(uint16 a, uint16 b)
+{
+	return (int32)a - (int32)b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s32(int32 a, int32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u32(uint32 a, uint32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s64(int64 a, int64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u64(uint64 a, uint64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);	/* Comparison operators return int 0 or 1 */
+}
+
 #endif							/* COMMON_INT_H */
-- 
2.34.1

From 8e5a66fb3a0787f15a900a89742862c89da38a1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 10:53:11 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v8 1/3] Remove direct calls to pg_qsort().

Calls to this function might give the idea that pg_qsort() is
somehow different than qsort(), when in fact all calls to qsort()
in the Postgres tree are redirected to pg_qsort() via a macro.
This commit removes all direct calls to pg_qsort() in favor of
letting the macro handle the conversions.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2B14426g2Wa9QuUpmakwPxXFWG_1FaY0AsApkvcTBy-YfS6uaw%40mail.gmail.com
---
 contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c            |  4 ++--
 src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c |  2 +-
 src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c   |  4 ++--
 src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c         |  4 ++--
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c          | 10 +++++-----
 src/include/port.h                          |  3 +++
 src/port/qsort.c                            |  3 +++
 7 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
index 06ee21d496..248b9914a3 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_prewarm/autoprewarm.c
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ apw_load_buffers(void)
 	FreeFile(file);
 
 	/* Sort the blocks to be loaded. */
-	pg_qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
-			 apw_compare_blockinfo);
+	qsort(blkinfo, num_elements, sizeof(BlockInfoRecord),
+		  apw_compare_blockinfo);
 
 	/* Populate shared memory state. */
 	apw_state->block_info_handle = dsm_segment_handle(seg);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
index 3ffaad3e42..2c29aa3d4e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ build_distances(FmgrInfo *distanceFn, Oid colloid,
 	 * Sort the distances in descending order, so that the longest gaps are at
 	 * the front.
 	 */
-	pg_qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
+	qsort(distances, ndistances, sizeof(DistanceValue), compare_distances);
 
 	return distances;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c
index 7dcb74572a..e494acd51a 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c
@@ -2307,8 +2307,8 @@ remove_self_joins_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist, Relids toRemove)
 		j++;
 	}
 
-	pg_qsort(candidates, numRels, sizeof(SelfJoinCandidate),
-			 self_join_candidates_cmp);
+	qsort(candidates, numRels, sizeof(SelfJoinCandidate),
+		  self_join_candidates_cmp);
 
 	/*
 	 * Iteratively form a group of relation indexes with the same oid and
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
index eb1ec3b86d..07575ef312 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
@@ -3915,7 +3915,7 @@ DropRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgr_reln, int nlocators)
 
 	/* sort the list of rlocators if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(locators, n, sizeof(RelFileLocator), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
@@ -4269,7 +4269,7 @@ FlushRelationsAllBuffers(SMgrRelation *smgrs, int nrels)
 
 	/* sort the list of SMgrRelations if necessary */
 	if (use_bsearch)
-		pg_qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
+		qsort(srels, nrels, sizeof(SMgrSortArray), rlocator_comparator);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 162855b158..662f930864 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -146,14 +146,14 @@ InitCatalogCache(void)
 	Assert(SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize <= lengthof(SysCacheSupportingRelOid));
 
 	/* Sort and de-dup OID arrays, so we can use binary search. */
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheRelationOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheRelationOid, SysCacheRelationOidSize, sizeof(Oid),
 				oid_compare);
 
-	pg_qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
-			 sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
+	qsort(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
+		  sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
 	SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize =
 		qunique(SysCacheSupportingRelOid, SysCacheSupportingRelOidSize,
 				sizeof(Oid), oid_compare);
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ RelationSupportsSysCache(Oid relid)
 
 
 /*
- * OID comparator for pg_qsort
+ * OID comparator for qsort
  */
 static int
 oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
diff --git a/src/include/port.h b/src/include/port.h
index 263cf791a3..a2cebbbd68 100644
--- a/src/include/port.h
+++ b/src/include/port.h
@@ -438,6 +438,9 @@ extern bool pg_get_user_name(uid_t user_id, char *buffer, size_t buflen);
 extern bool pg_get_user_home_dir(uid_t user_id, char *buffer, size_t buflen);
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * NB: Callers should use qsort() instead of calling pg_qsort() directly.
+ */
 extern void pg_qsort(void *base, size_t nel, size_t elsize,
 					 int (*cmp) (const void *, const void *));
 extern int	pg_qsort_strcmp(const void *a, const void *b);
diff --git a/src/port/qsort.c b/src/port/qsort.c
index 7879e6cd56..78354584af 100644
--- a/src/port/qsort.c
+++ b/src/port/qsort.c
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 
 #include "c.h"
 
+/*
+ * NB: Callers should use qsort() instead of calling pg_qsort() directly.
+ */
 #define ST_SORT pg_qsort
 #define ST_ELEMENT_TYPE_VOID
 #define ST_COMPARE_RUNTIME_POINTER
-- 
2.25.1

From f91fe2d895bc19acccac06a098fe947df7d3ac41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 15:52:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v8 2/3] Introduce efficient, overflow-aware integer comparison
 functions.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

This commit adds integer comparison functions that are designed to
be as efficient as possible while avoiding overflow.  A follow-up
commit will make use of these functions in many of the in-tree
qsort() comparators.  The new functions are not a clear win in all
cases (e.g., when the comparator function is inlined), so it is
important to consider the context before using them.

Author: Mats Kindahl
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Heikki Linnakangas, Andres Freund, Thomas Munro, Andrey Borodin, Fabrízio de Royes Mello
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2B14426g2Wa9QuUpmakwPxXFWG_1FaY0AsApkvcTBy-YfS6uaw%40mail.gmail.com
---
 src/include/common/int.h        | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/include/lib/sort_template.h | 13 ++++++
 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/common/int.h b/src/include/common/int.h
index fedf7b3999..fa2d6329f1 100644
--- a/src/include/common/int.h
+++ b/src/include/common/int.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * int.h
- *	  Routines to perform integer math, while checking for overflows.
+ *	  Overflow-aware integer math and integer comparison routines.
  *
  * The routines in this file are intended to be well defined C, without
  * relying on compiler flags like -fwrapv.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 
 /*---------
- * The following guidelines apply to all the routines:
+ * The following guidelines apply to all the overflow routines:
  * - If a + b overflows, return true, otherwise store the result of a + b
  * into *result. The content of *result is implementation defined in case of
  * overflow.
@@ -438,4 +438,75 @@ pg_mul_u64_overflow(uint64 a, uint64 b, uint64 *result)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Comparison routines for integer types.
+ *
+ * These routines are primarily intended for use in qsort() comparator
+ * functions and therefore return a positive integer, 0, or a negative
+ * integer depending on whether "a" is greater than, equal to, or less
+ * than "b", respectively.  These functions are written to be as efficient
+ * as possible without introducing overflow risks, thereby helping ensure
+ * the comparators that use them are transitive.
+ *
+ * Types with fewer than 32 bits are cast to signed integers and
+ * subtracted.  Other types are compared using > and <, and the results of
+ * those comparisons (which are either (int) 0 or (int) 1 per the C
+ * standard) are subtracted.
+ *
+ * NB: If the comparator functions are inlined, some compilers may produce
+ * worse code with these helper functions than with code with the
+ * following form:
+ *
+ *    if (a < b)
+ *        return -1;
+ *    if (a > b)
+ *        return 1;
+ *    return 0;
+ *
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s16(int16 a, int16 b)
+{
+	return (int32) a - (int32) b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u16(uint16 a, uint16 b)
+{
+	return (int32) a - (int32) b;
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s32(int32 a, int32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u32(uint32 a, uint32 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_s64(int64 a, int64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_u64(uint64 a, uint64 b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
+static inline int
+pg_cmp_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return (a > b) - (a < b);
+}
+
 #endif							/* COMMON_INT_H */
diff --git a/src/include/lib/sort_template.h b/src/include/lib/sort_template.h
index a470fa1103..6772bf5ee3 100644
--- a/src/include/lib/sort_template.h
+++ b/src/include/lib/sort_template.h
@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@
  *	  - ST_COMPARE(a, b, arg) - variant that takes an extra argument
  *	  - ST_COMPARE_RUNTIME_POINTER - sort function takes a function pointer
  *
+ *    NB: If the comparator function is inlined, some compilers may produce
+ *    worse code with the optimized comparison routines in common/int.h than
+ *    with code with the following form:
+ *
+ *        if (a < b)
+ *            return -1;
+ *        if (a > b)
+ *            return 1;
+ *        return 0;
+ *
  *	  To say that the comparator and therefore also sort function should
  *	  receive an extra pass-through argument, specify the type of the
  *	  argument.
@@ -243,6 +253,9 @@ ST_SCOPE void ST_SORT(ST_ELEMENT_TYPE * first, size_t n
  * Find the median of three values.  Currently, performance seems to be best
  * if the comparator is inlined here, but the med3 function is not inlined
  * in the qsort function.
+ *
+ * Refer to the comment at the top of this file for known caveats to consider
+ * when writing inlined comparator functions.
  */
 static pg_noinline ST_ELEMENT_TYPE *
 ST_MED3(ST_ELEMENT_TYPE * a,
-- 
2.25.1

From ee28e9a09bd024e4fbe3f59a0d462d0f1dba3000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 17:28:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v8 3/3] Use new overflow-aware integer comparison functions.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Commit XXXXXXXXXX introduced integer comparison functions designed
to be as efficient as possible while avoiding overflow.  This
commit makes use of these functions in many of the in-tree qsort()
comparators, which helps ensure transitivity.  The comparator
functions that previously had trivial implementations (i.e., "if"
statements) should also see a small performance boost.

Author: Mats Kindahl
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Heikki Linnakangas, Andres Freund, Fabrízio de Royes Mello
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2B14426g2Wa9QuUpmakwPxXFWG_1FaY0AsApkvcTBy-YfS6uaw%40mail.gmail.com
---
 contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c                    |  4 +++-
 contrib/intarray/_int_tool.c                    |  9 +++------
 contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c                 |  4 +++-
 contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c |  8 ++------
 contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c                       |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c           |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c             | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c         |  8 ++------
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c         |  5 ++---
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c         |  3 ++-
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c     |  8 ++------
 src/backend/backup/walsummary.c                 |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                      |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/nodes/list.c                        | 13 +++----------
 src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c                   |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                  |  3 ++-
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c             |  7 +++----
 src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c               |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c               | 10 +++-------
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c            |  7 +++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c                |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c             |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c                     |  7 ++-----
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c              |  3 ++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c              |  5 ++---
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c              |  8 ++------
 src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c           | 10 ++--------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                  |  7 ++-----
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c                   | 12 ++++++------
 src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c           |  8 ++------
 src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c                     |  3 ++-
 src/include/access/gin_private.h                |  8 ++------
 34 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index fe343739eb..a3b08af385 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "hstore.h"
 #include "utils/pg_crc.h"
 
@@ -356,7 +357,8 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,
+					  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_int_tool.c b/contrib/intarray/_int_tool.c
index 68f624e085..c85280c842 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_int_tool.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_int_tool.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "_int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 
 /* arguments are assumed sorted & unique-ified */
@@ -396,15 +397,11 @@ int_to_intset(int32 elem)
 int
 compASC(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const int32 *) a == *(const int32 *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const int32 *) a > *(const int32 *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int32 *) a, *(const int32 *) b);
 }
 
 int
 compDESC(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const int32 *) a == *(const int32 *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const int32 *) a < *(const int32 *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int32 *) b, *(const int32 *) a);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
index 8c6c4b5d05..9699fbf3b4 100644
--- a/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/intarray/_intbig_gist.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 #define GETENTRY(vec,pos) ((GISTTYPE *) DatumGetPointer((vec)->vector[(pos)].key))
@@ -312,7 +313,8 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return ((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost - ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,
+					  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
index 8c6a3a2d08..67cec865ba 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/instrument.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
@@ -3007,10 +3008,5 @@ comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			l = ((const LocationLen *) a)->location;
 	int			r = ((const LocationLen *) b)->location;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return +1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(l, r);
 }
diff --git a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
index 49d4497b4f..c509d15ee4 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_trgm/trgm_op.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "trgm.h"
@@ -433,12 +434,7 @@ comp_ptrgm(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
 
-	if (p1->index < p2->index)
-		return -1;
-	else if (p1->index == p2->index)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(p1->index, p2->index);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
index 709edd1c17..e9cfc13604 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/nbtxlog.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -3013,10 +3014,5 @@ _bt_blk_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	BlockNumber b1 = *((BlockNumber *) arg1);
 	BlockNumber b2 = *((BlockNumber *) arg2);
 
-	if (b1 < b2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (b1 > b2)
-		return 1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(b1, b2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index 567bade9f4..90990ea77a 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/indexfsm.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
@@ -1466,14 +1467,9 @@ _bt_delitems_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete1 = (TM_IndexDelete *) a;
 	TM_IndexDelete *indexdelete2 = (TM_IndexDelete *) b;
 
-	if (indexdelete1->id > indexdelete2->id)
-		return 1;
-	if (indexdelete1->id < indexdelete2->id)
-		return -1;
+	Assert(indexdelete1->id != indexdelete2->id);
 
-	Assert(false);
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(indexdelete1->id, indexdelete2->id);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
index d0b1d82578..490e7bfd4d 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsplitloc.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/nbtree.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/lmgr.h"
 
 typedef enum
@@ -596,12 +597,7 @@ _bt_splitcmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	SplitPoint *split1 = (SplitPoint *) arg1;
 	SplitPoint *split2 = (SplitPoint *) arg2;
 
-	if (split1->curdelta > split2->curdelta)
-		return 1;
-	if (split1->curdelta < split2->curdelta)
-		return -1;
-
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(split1->curdelta, split2->curdelta);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
index bb063c858d..a4995c168b 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/spgist_private.h"
 #include "access/spgxlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/pg_prng.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
@@ -110,9 +111,7 @@ addNode(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple tuple, Datum label, int offset)
 static int
 cmpOffsetNumbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (*(const OffsetNumber *) a == *(const OffsetNumber *) b)
-		return 0;
-	return (*(const OffsetNumber *) a > *(const OffsetNumber *) b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u16(*(const OffsetNumber *) a, *(const OffsetNumber *) b);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
index b8fd0c2ad8..d5db5225a9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/spgist.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ cmpNodePtr(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const spgNodePtr *aa = (const spgNodePtr *) a;
 	const spgNodePtr *bb = (const spgNodePtr *) b;
 
-	return aa->c - bb->c;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(aa->c, bb->c);
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
index 0504c465db..e994ee66bb 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_incremental.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
 #include "common/parse_manifest.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "postmaster/walsummarizer.h"
 
 #define	BLOCKS_PER_READ			512
@@ -994,10 +995,5 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa, bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
index 867870aaad..4d047e1c02 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/walsummary.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "backup/walsummary.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "utils/wait_event.h"
 
 static bool IsWalSummaryFilename(char *filename);
@@ -355,9 +356,5 @@ ListComparatorForWalSummaryFiles(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	WalSummaryFile *ws1 = lfirst(a);
 	WalSummaryFile *ws2 = lfirst(b);
 
-	if (ws1->start_lsn < ws2->start_lsn)
-		return -1;
-	if (ws1->start_lsn > ws2->start_lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ws1->start_lsn, ws2->start_lsn);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index c73f7bcd01..03368b93d7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/storage.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/typecmds.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2759,11 +2760,7 @@ list_cookedconstr_attnum_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	AttrNumber	v1 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p1))->attnum;
 	AttrNumber	v2 = ((CookedConstraint *) lfirst(p2))->attnum;
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/list.c b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
index 957186bef5..e2615ab105 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/list.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/list.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/pg_list.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "utils/memdebug.h"
@@ -1692,11 +1693,7 @@ list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	int			v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
 	int			v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1708,9 +1705,5 @@ list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
 	Oid			v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
index 0f4850065f..e8ab5d78fc 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
 #include "nodes/tidbitmap.h"
 #include "storage/lwlock.h"
@@ -1425,11 +1426,7 @@ tbm_comparator(const void *left, const void *right)
 	BlockNumber l = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) left))->blockno;
 	BlockNumber r = (*((PagetableEntry *const *) right))->blockno;
 
-	if (l < r)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l > r)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l, r);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 7b211a7743..9d151a880b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -1760,7 +1761,7 @@ cmp_list_len_asc(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
 	int			la = list_length((const List *) lfirst(a));
 	int			lb = list_length((const List *) lfirst(b));
 
-	return (la > lb) ? 1 : (la == lb) ? 0 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(la, lb);
 }
 
 /* list_sort comparator to sort sub-lists by length and contents */
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 37998f7387..2ab344c1f8 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_database.h"
 #include "commands/dbcommands.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -1120,10 +1121,8 @@ rebuild_database_list(Oid newdb)
 static int
 db_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score == ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score < ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const avl_dbase *) a)->adl_score,
+					  ((const avl_dbase *) b)->adl_score);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index bbf0966182..5446df3c64 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
@@ -5119,11 +5120,7 @@ file_sort_by_lsn(const ListCell *a_p, const ListCell *b_p)
 	RewriteMappingFile *a = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(a_p);
 	RewriteMappingFile *b = (RewriteMappingFile *) lfirst(b_p);
 
-	if (a->lsn < b->lsn)
-		return -1;
-	else if (a->lsn > b->lsn)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(a->lsn, b->lsn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 2e6493aaaa..bfcd8fa13e 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "replication/syncrep.h"
@@ -698,12 +699,7 @@ cmp_lsn(const void *a, const void *b)
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn1 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) a);
 	XLogRecPtr	lsn2 = *((const XLogRecPtr *) b);
 
-	if (lsn1 > lsn2)
-		return -1;
-	else if (lsn1 == lsn2)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(lsn2, lsn1);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
index 62bcfc5b56..56fb1fd77c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/oid.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/value.h"
@@ -259,11 +260,7 @@ oid_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	Oid			v1 = *((const Oid *) p1);
 	Oid			v2 = *((const Oid *) p2);
 
-	if (v1 < v2)
-		return -1;
-	if (v1 > v2)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
index a62b285365..3fb7696434 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsgistidx.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/heaptoast.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
@@ -136,9 +137,7 @@ compareint(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int32		a = *((const int32 *) va);
 	int32		b = *((const int32 *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a, b);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -598,10 +597,7 @@ comparecost(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	const SPLITCOST *a = (const SPLITCOST *) va;
 	const SPLITCOST *b = (const SPLITCOST *) vb;
 
-	if (a->cost == b->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (a->cost > b->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a->cost, b->cost);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
index f0b1c81c81..2db304b10b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsquery_gist.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "access/gist.h"
 #include "access/stratnum.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_utils.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
@@ -156,10 +157,8 @@ typedef struct
 static int
 comparecost(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	if (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost == ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return (((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost > ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const SPLITCOST *) a)->cost,
+					  ((const SPLITCOST *) b)->cost);
 }
 
 #define WISH_F(a,b,c) (double)( -(double)(((a)-(b))*((a)-(b))*((a)-(b)))*(c) )
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
index fb7b7c712a..10bc4f2234 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "tsearch/ts_locale.h"
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ compareWordEntryPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 	int			apos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) a);
 	int			bpos = WEP_GETPOS(*(const WordEntryPos *) b);
 
-	if (apos == bpos)
-		return 0;
-	return (apos > bpos) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(apos, bpos);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 71386d0a1f..947a592ed2 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
@@ -435,9 +436,7 @@ compare_int(const void *va, const void *vb)
 	int			a = *((const int *) va);
 	int			b = *((const int *) vb);
 
-	if (a == b)
-		return 0;
-	return (a > b) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(a, b);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
index 63adf5668b..ae273b1961 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/multixact.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/xid8.h"
@@ -140,11 +141,7 @@ xidComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 	TransactionId xid1 = *(const TransactionId *) arg1;
 	TransactionId xid2 = *(const TransactionId *) arg2;
 
-	if (xid1 > xid2)
-		return 1;
-	if (xid1 < xid2)
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(xid1, xid2);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index ac106b40e3..50acae4529 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "commands/policy.h"
 #include "commands/publicationcmds.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
@@ -4520,7 +4521,7 @@ AttrDefaultCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	const AttrDefault *ada = (const AttrDefault *) a;
 	const AttrDefault *adb = (const AttrDefault *) b;
 
-	return ada->adnum - adb->adnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s16(ada->adnum, adb->adnum);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 662f930864..2292237f85 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shdepend_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdescription_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/qunique.h"
 #include "utils/catcache.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
@@ -676,7 +677,5 @@ oid_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 	Oid			oa = *((const Oid *) a);
 	Oid			ob = *((const Oid *) b);
 
-	if (oa == ob)
-		return 0;
-	return (oa > ob) ? 1 : -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(oa, ob);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 84fc83cb11..2842bde907 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/defrem.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "lib/dshash.h"
 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
@@ -2722,12 +2723,7 @@ enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right)
 	const EnumItem *l = (const EnumItem *) left;
 	const EnumItem *r = (const EnumItem *) right;
 
-	if (l->enum_oid < r->enum_oid)
-		return -1;
-	else if (l->enum_oid > r->enum_oid)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(l->enum_oid, r->enum_oid);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
index aa199b23ff..ab9343bc5c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/resowner.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/predicate.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
@@ -264,14 +265,7 @@ resource_priority_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
 	/* Note: reverse order */
 	if (ra->kind->release_phase == rb->kind->release_phase)
-	{
-		if (ra->kind->release_priority == rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return 0;
-		else if (ra->kind->release_priority > rb->kind->release_priority)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 1;
-	}
+		return pg_cmp_u32(rb->kind->release_priority, ra->kind->release_priority);
 	else if (ra->kind->release_phase > rb->kind->release_phase)
 		return -1;
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
index f358dd22b9..8ee8a42781 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
 #include "pg_backup_utils.h"
@@ -1504,9 +1505,5 @@ int_cmp(void *a, void *b, void *arg)
 	int			ai = (int) (intptr_t) a;
 	int			bi = (int) (intptr_t) b;
 
-	if (ai < bi)
-		return -1;
-	if (ai > bi)
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(ai, bi);
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
index af998f74d3..d65153de81 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/function.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_language_d.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 
 /*
@@ -29,17 +30,16 @@ library_name_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
 	const char *str1 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->name;
 	const char *str2 = ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->name;
-	int			slen1 = strlen(str1);
-	int			slen2 = strlen(str2);
+	size_t		slen1 = strlen(str1);
+	size_t		slen2 = strlen(str2);
 	int			cmp = strcmp(str1, str2);
 
 	if (slen1 != slen2)
-		return slen1 - slen2;
+		return pg_cmp_size(slen1, slen2);
 	if (cmp != 0)
 		return cmp;
-	else
-		return ((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum -
-			((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum;
+	return pg_cmp_s32(((const LibraryInfo *) p1)->dbnum,
+					  ((const LibraryInfo *) p2)->dbnum);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
index 1341c83c69..485c72d939 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_walsummary/pg_walsummary.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "common/blkreftable.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
@@ -219,12 +220,7 @@ compare_block_numbers(const void *a, const void *b)
 	BlockNumber aa = *(BlockNumber *) a;
 	BlockNumber bb = *(BlockNumber *) b;
 
-	if (aa > bb)
-		return 1;
-	else if (aa == bb)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u32(aa, bb);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
index c6116b7238..305ed4ab0a 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "crosstabview.h"
 #include "pqexpbuffer.h"
@@ -709,5 +710,5 @@ pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 static int
 rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	return *((const int *) a) - *((const int *) b);
+	return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_private.h b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
index 51d0c74a6b..3013a44bae 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_private.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_private.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "access/gin.h"
 #include "access/ginblock.h"
 #include "access/itup.h"
+#include "common/int.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "lib/rbtree.h"
@@ -489,12 +490,7 @@ ginCompareItemPointers(ItemPointer a, ItemPointer b)
 	uint64		ia = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(a) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(a);
 	uint64		ib = (uint64) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(b) << 32 | GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(b);
 
-	if (ia == ib)
-		return 0;
-	else if (ia > ib)
-		return 1;
-	else
-		return -1;
+	return pg_cmp_u64(ia, ib);
 }
 
 extern int	ginTraverseLock(Buffer buffer, bool searchMode);
-- 
2.25.1