BUG #17910: gcc-introduced load may cause concurrency bug

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 17910
Logged by: Kunbo Zhang
Email address: absoler@smail.nju.edu.cn
PostgreSQL version: 15.2
Operating system: ubuntu 20.04
Description:

we discover that, under Ubuntu 20.04 with gcc-12.1, built
postgres-release-15.2 has an
compiled-introduced load operation in "_bt_parallel_build_main(dsm_segment
*seg, shm_toc *toc)",

near src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1840, the source code is:

if (!btshared->isconcurrent)
{
heapLockmode = ShareLock;
indexLockmode = AccessExclusiveLock;
}
else
{
heapLockmode = ShareUpdateExclusiveLock;
indexLockmode = RowExclusiveLock;
}

the `btshared->isconcurrent` is only read once to control two if-branches

and the corresponding disassembly is:

/home/postgres-REL_15_2/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1840
56d415: 80 78 0a 01 cmpb $0x1,0xa(%rax) #
btshared->isconcurrent
/home/postgres-REL_15_2/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1834
56d419: 48 89 c3 mov %rax,%rbx
/home/postgres-REL_15_2/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1840
56d41c: 0f b6 40 0a movzbl 0xa(%rax),%eax #
btshared->isconcurrent
56d420: 45 19 e4 sbb %r12d,%r12d
/home/postgres-REL_15_2/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1849
56d423: 8b 3b mov (%rbx),%edi
/home/postgres-REL_15_2/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c:1840
56d425: 41 83 e4 05 and $0x5,%r12d
56d429: 41 83 c4 03 add $0x3,%r12d
56d42d: f6 d8 neg %al
56d42f: 45 19 f6 sbb %r14d,%r14d
56d432: 41 83 c6 05 add $0x5,%r14d

we can see the compiled program load `btshared->isconcurrent` twice, and
each loaded value is used
for an assignment. And `btshared->isconcurrent` seems to be a shared object,
if it's modified
concurrently else where between the `cmp` and `mov` instructions, there may
be some concurrency
bugs.